Zygomatic maxillary complex fractures are common in trauma affecting maxillofacial region. Surgical treatment of these fractures causes pain, trismus and swelling, invariably affecting quality of life of patient postoperatively. To control these effects, various pharmacologic methods have been tried, but in vain. The kinesiologic tape (KT) opens the congested blood vessels and lymphatic channels, thereby improving flow across them. The goal of this study was to assess if the application of KT controls postoperative swelling as compared to corticosteroids.

Twenty patients with zygomatic maxillary complex fractures, were randomly divided into two groups that is treatment either with KT or without KT using dexamethasone. Kinesiologic tape was placed starting immediately after surgery till 5 days postoperatively. Facial swelling was assessed at six specific time points, across by different lines on the face.

Overall maximal swelling was seen among patients without the KT. Patients in the KT group showed maximal swelling in the immediate postoperative period, while patients in the no-KT group with dexamethasone had maximum swelling on day one. Also when we compare the extent of swelling on different days in the KT group, there is significant reduction in swelling (p < 0.05) compared to the other group.

Therefore, KT is a holistic, minimally invasive, economical approach which is improves patients’ quality of life without the adverse effects of drugs.

Dutta A, Gopinath al, Reyazulla MA, Ramesh K, Srivastava S, Agarwal S. Kinesiologic Tape Breaking the Traditional Pharmacologic Management of Postoperative Morbidity. World J Dent 2015;6(4):199-202.

Labial frenum is a dynamic structure and is subject to variation in size, shape and position. The type of the maxillary labial frenal attachment and its morphology in children in Chennai has not been studied extensively. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to examine the prevalence of the various types of maxillary frenal attachments and its morphology in children in Chennai.

A study involving 931 Children between 3 and 12 years of age attending schools in Chennai were clinically examined for maxillary labial frenal attachment location and morphology under direct visual method. Parents were provided with informed consent. Demographic details including age and sex were recorded.

Total number of children who were examined were 931. The most prevalent type of frenal attachment among all is gingival type followed by mucosal type of attachment. 49.5% were gingival type, 38.8% were mucosal type, 9.8% were papillary type and 1.9% were papillary penetrating type. The prevalence type had no gender difference but the age had significant association. The occurrence of papillary penetrating type decreases with age. The most prevalent morphological type is simple frenum 97% followed by simple frenum with nodule which is 2.6% and bifid labial frenum which is 0.4%.

The prevalent type among Chennai children is gingival type. The papillary penetrating type of frenal attachment decreases with age. The dentists should correlate the age of the child and type of frenal attachment and morphological variations during their clinical examination to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment.

Christabel SL, Gurunathan D. Prevalence of Type of Frenal Attachment and Morphology of Frenum in Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. World J Dent 2015;6(4):203-207.

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is known for its most aggressive behavior, high recurrence rate and is most common odontogenic cyst of the jaws. After completion of odontogenesis, some remnants of dental epithelium remain in oral cavity and variety of cysts and tumor can develop from this odontogenic epithelium the most common being odontogenic keratocyst. The most common site of occurrence of OKC reported is mandibular body and ramus region.

The aim of this study is to report the other frequent site of occurrence, different size of OKC in mandible and maxilla and different treatment modalities depending on size, age, and extent of the lesion.

Ten patients were selected among the patients referred to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery with cystic lesions on mandible and maxilla. After making diagnosis treatment planning was done depending upon the age, radiographic appearance and size of the lesion.

Odontogenic keratocyst was found more in males than females, was found more in mandible than maxilla. Majority of the cases were in mandible angle ramus region followed by anterior maxilla. Seventy-six percent cases were multilocular radiolucencies, whereas 24% unilocular. Multilocular radiolucencies were treated by wide surgical excision, hemimandibulectomy, whereas unilocular radiolucencies were treated by enucleation.

It is concluded that treatment of OKC depends upon age, radiographic and clinical extent of lesion, unilocular or multilocular appearance, presence of daughter cysts, recurrence rate.

Lone PA, Singh M, Johar HS. Treatment Modalities of Odontogenic Keratocyst of Maxilla and Mandible: Our Experience. World J Dent 2015;6(4):208-212.

To determine the frequency of needle stick injury in dental practice and to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitude and practices of the dental students and dentists regarding needle stick injuries prevention.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken at eight different institutes of Karachi from July 2014 to March 2015. Data were collected in 800-sample questionnaire forms that comprised of ten questions in English language. Questionnaire was designed to obtain information regarding frequency, awareness and prevention of needle stick injury. Data were entered and analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20.

A total of 800 samples were returned with a 100% response rate. About 73% participants gave a history of needle stick injury during practice. Of these 42% were the house officers. It was reported that knowledge regarding vaccination against hepatitis B was prevalent among participants. Most of the participants agreed that they have received guidelines regarding prevention and protection from needle stick injury.

It was concluded from this study that hepatitis B vaccination is necessary to prevent needle stick injury and proper instruments/guidelines should be given to all health related professionals in order to minimize the risk of bloodborne infections through needle stick injury.

Ikram K, Siddiqui HK, Maqbool S, Altaf M, Khan S. Frequency of Needle Stick Injury among Dental Students and Dentists of Karachi. World J Dent 2015;6(4): 213-216.

The disabilities associated with oral health; like missing teeth, are many. The management of these disabilities is of utmost importance to any dental practitioner.

This study was conducted at the outpatient department (OPD) of Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, located in Udupi district of South-West Karnataka, with a population of 11.7 lakh of whom 305 patients (146 females and 159 males) took part in the study to assess their awareness to various treatment options available to replace missing teeth.

The subjects filled out a close-ended questionnaire of 11 questions; clinical examination of the oral cavity then followed. They all had at least 1 missing tooth (3rd molars excluded). The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 2.0, with a Chi-square test significance level of p < 0.05.

Of the 305 patients who participated, 69.2% of males and females wanted to get their teeth replaced.

The remaining 15.2% males and 12.6% females who did not want to get their teeth replaced stated that the lack of time prevented them from doing so. A total of 5% of females and a 1.4% of males said that previous traumatic dental experience prevented them from getting treatment.

Majority of both men and women were aware of the removable partial prosthesis as a treatment option (71.9% males and 74.9% females). A small portion of the study group, 21.9% males and 25.2% of females were aware of dental implants.

The most preferred treatment option, chosen by 53.5% females and 49.3% males was the fixed partial prosthesis (tooth supported).

These findings indicate that 56% of women were more inclined to avail treatment for missing teeth, and only 44% of men felt the need to avail treatment.

A total of 76.7% males and 76.1% females felt that their masticatory functions were affected.

The findings indicate that awareness regarding implants is lacking, and that motivation brought about by outreach programs has not yet reached most sections of the Indian society.

Teja SVS, Kumar VR, George VT. A Survey to Evaluate the Awareness of Various Treatment Modalities to Replace Missing Teeth among Patients Visiting Kasturba Hospital, Manipal: A Prosthodontic Perspective. World J Dent 2015;6(4):217-221.

Jain AR. Articulators through the Years Revisited: From 1700 to 1900—Part I. World J Dent 2015;6(4):222-225.

Tekale PD, Mhaske AR, Acharya VD, Patil HA, Agarwal CO, Aru BM. Clinical Management and Guidelines for Infective Endocarditis in Orthodontics. World J Dent 2015;6(4):226-228.

Ramachandra JA, Nihal NK, Nagarathna C, Vora MS. Root Canal Irrigants in Primary Teeth. World J Dent 2015;6(3):229-234.

Rashmi K, Hegde J, Swapna DV, Pai VS, Vedavathi B, Kumar GRK. A 3-Year Follow-up Case Report of a Successfully treated Perforating Internal Root Resorption using MTA. World J Dent 2015;6(4):235-238.

Waknis P, Sarode SC, Prasad GSV, Limaye G, Sarode GS. Sterile Feminine Hygiene Sanitary Napkin Dressing in the Management of Ludwig's Angina. World J Dent 2015;6(4):239-240.

Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Anand R, Waknis P. True Pulp Stones in Compound Odontome: An Unusual Finding. World J Dent 2015;6(4):241-242.