For most of the junior and senior high school students, ‘dental care’ is likely to be difficult to understand. It has been reported that only half of students received treatments among the high school students who were advised to visit dental office for treatment of dental caries and gingivitis. Thus, the oral health education is critical for high school students in order to enhance the understanding of the dental caries and gingivitis.

We conducted dental education classes to four junior high schools (62 students) in the Shizuoka prefecture, Japan. After the classes, we asked the students to submit the descriptions of impressions and evaluated those descriptions.

We found that most of students have had the feeling that the classes were interesting and useful. The junior high school students have begun to become interested in the dental care and that their motivation for study was increased.

We will continue these classes to junior high school students in the future and would like to contribute to prevalence and enlightenment of dental care.

Suzuki M, Toyoda H. Prevalence of Dental Care to Junior High School Students. World J Dent 2015;6(2):61-64.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical degradation media associated with brushing on surface roughness (Ra) and Knoop microhardness (KHN) analyses of different composites.

Eighty specimens were prepared for each composite: GrandioSO (Voco), Amaris (Voco), Filtek Supreme (3M ESPE), Filtek LS (3M ESPE). The specimens were divided into four groups according to the immersion in chemical degradation media for 7 days: artificial saliva (control), heptane, 0.02 M citric acid, 70% ethanol. The surface of specimens was submitted to 10950 brushing cycles (200 gm load) in an automatic toothbrushing machine with abrasive slurry. Surface roughness and microhardness measurements were obtained at baseline, after immersion in chemical degradation media and after brushing. Data were submitted to three-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05).

The KHN means for composites were: Grandio (153.5 ± 35.9)^a, Filtek Supreme (87.0 ± 24.9)^b, Amaris (64.5 ± 24.5)^c, LS (69.0 ± 15.3)^c; for storage media: artificial saliva (97.3 ± 46.7)^a, ethanol (93.3 ± 49.9)^a, citric acid (95.8 ± 42.1)^a, heptane (87.6 ± 36.7)^b; and after treatments: after chemical degradation (104.8 ± 49.7)^a, baseline (93.8 ± 42.5)^b, after brushing (81.9 ± 36.5)^c. The Ra results for composites were: LS (0.15 ± 0.25)^a, GrandioSO (0.19 ± 0.24)^ab, Filtek Supreme (0.20 ± 0.22)^ab, Amaris (0.23 ± 0.37)^b; for storage media: artificial saliva (0.18 ± 0.31)^a, heptane (0.18 ± 0.25)^a, ethanol (0.20 ± 0.26)^a, citric acid (0.21 ± 0.28)^a, and after treatments: brushing (0.11 ± 0.14)^a, after chemical degradation (0.23 ± 0.32)^b, baseline (0.24 ± 0.32)^b.

Brushing after chemical degradation reduced surface roughness values. In general, chemical degradation did not affect composites roughness, but microhardness was significantly reduced. Heptane produced the biggest reduction in composites microhardness.

The food-simulating solutions and brushing simulating alter the composites properties, and these alterations are material-dependent.

Torres CRG, Da Silva TM, Sales ALLS, Pucci CR, Borges AB. Influence of Chemical Degradation and Toothbrushing on Surface of Composites. World J Dent 2015;6(2):65-70.

Dentists’ knowledge and attitudes toward oral health concern provides the structure for their professional work and should be able to convey evidence-based knowledge of oral healthcare to the community. The delivery of safe and appropriate care and instructions to patients is of prime importance to dental professionals.

A cross-sectional study was conducted for analysis of attitude and practice toward delivering of postoperative instructions by undergraduates and trainees. A cluster sampling technique was used and 220 forms were distributed in five dental institutes of Karachi. Two hundred forms were fully filled and returned. Students of final year and house surgeons were included in the study. Data were statistically analyzed for frequencies and percentages with Chi-square test using SPSS version 19.

The result of the present study reported that 124 (62%) of the respondents informed the patients that how long the anesthesia will last and numbing wears off. One hundred and eleven (55.5%) of the respondents delivered verbal postoperative instructions after amalgam restoration and 127 (63.5%) after composite restorations. One hundred and thirty-one (65.5%) of the respondents informed patients about temporary filling materials. One hundred and twenty-two (61%) of the respondents delivered the verbal instructions after placing a post or doing core build-ups. Ninety-nine (49.5%) of the respondents verbally explained the importance of full coverage crown.

The present study concluded that majority of the students and trainees are lacking in uttering the required postoperative instructions after restorative treatment.

Wali A, Siddiqui TM, Shamim A, Majeed T, Khan M. Attitude and Practice toward Delivering of Verbal Postoperative Instructions by Undergraduates and Trainees: A Descriptive Study. World J Dent 2015;6(2):71-76.

To evaluate the prevalence of anterior tooth fracture due to trauma in 2000 patients randomly from the population of south Canara district.

The present study was conducted on 2000 patients attending the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, AB Shetty Dental College, Mangalore, and rural satellite centers of Nitte University. Each patient was examined for anterior tooth fracture due to trauma under dental chair in a good illumination of light using sterilized mouth mirror, explorer, tweezer and teeth are isolated by cotton roles. The patient who had anterior tooth fracture were questioned with a standard questionnaire from oral health survey WHO format 2013, to find its relation associated to age, gender, location, occupation, etiology, type of fracture and its relation to molar.

According to the present study, prevalence of anterior tooth fracture due to trauma in south Canara population was low and found to be 18.8% with increase in prevalence in males (56.2%) between the age group of 36 and 45 years (33.2%), common etiological factor seen was falls (44.7%). The most common type of fracture was enamel-dentine fracture (44.7%) with class 1 molar relation (55.6%).

The prevalence of anterior tooth fracture due to trauma was most commonly seen in males with increased prevalence in age group between 36 and 45 years, common etiological factor being falls, type of fracture most commonly seen are cases with enamel-dentine fracture with class 1 molar relation.

Hegde MN, Abootty S, Attavar S. Prevalence of Anterior Tooth Fracture due to Trauma. World J Dent 2015;6(2):77-81.

Sharma P, Gawande M, Chaudhary M. Evaluation of Prevalence of Bacteria Helicobacter pylori in Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. World J Dent 2015;6(2):82-86.

Prevalence of malocclusion varies in different parts of a diverse country like India.

To determine the prevalence of malocclusion in population of Jaipur city, Rajasthan, India, as well as subjects views regarding the most important factor for seeking orthodontic treatment by patients who have malocclusion.

The sample consisted of 700 subjects (373 males and 327 females) with age group of 15 to 30 years. Subjects were randomly selected and none of them had received orthodontic treatment previously. The subjects who showed bilateral Angle's class I molar relationship with acceptable overjet, overbite and well-aligned arches or minimal crowding were considered to have normal occlusion. The subjects with malocclusion were classified into four groups according to Angle's classification, i.e. class I, class II division 1, class II division 2 and class III malocclusions.

About 74.57% of population was found to have malocclusion. Among these subjects, 52.57% subjects were diagnosed with class I malocclusion, 12.57% with class II division 1 malocclusion, 8% with class II division 2 and remaining 1.42% had class III malocclusion. No statistically significant differences were found between male and female subjects.

Among class I malocclusion characteristics, Angle's class I type 1 malocclusion was statistically significantly found to be the most prevalent type of malocclusion. As far as the most important factor for seeking orthodontic treatment was determined, a desire of enhancing facial appearance followed by a desire of attaining straight teeth was considered to be the chief motivational factor among this population.

Sharma R, Sharma K, Yadav D, Choudhary A, Singh S. A Study to determine the Prevalence of Malocclusion and Chief Motivational Factor for Desire of Orthodontic Treatment in Jaipur City, India. World J Dent 2015; 6(2):87-92.

The aim of survey is to study of prevalence and reasons of extraction of teeth according to age groups. In this prospective survey, the data were collected from the outpatient registration desk of extraction room of department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, India. The assessment of the data was done by a single senior faculty. The data were analyzed for age, gender, reason for extraction and tooth/teeth extracted. Total 1,568 extractions were performed on 1,186 subjects.

The dental caries and its sequel is the principal reason for extraction of teeth followed by periodontal disease. The first molar of both arches is the tooth extracted most frequently for caries and its sequel in young age group of 15 to 25 years.

Manekar VS, Kende P, Kulkarni S. Tooth Mortality: An Analysis of Reasons underlying the Extraction of Permanent Teeth. World J Dent 2015;6(2):93-96.

Jain P, Nayan S, Keswani E, Pawar S. Clinical Update on Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments. World J Dent 2015;6(2):97-103.

Bhattacharjee A, Chakraborty A, Rathor A, Talukdar B. Large Dentigerous Cyst associated with Supernumerary Canine with Unilateral Nasal Obstruction: An Unusual Case. World J Dent 2015;6(2):104-107.

Guiotti FA, Kuga MC, Magro MG, Venção AC, Tonetto MR, Jordão-Basso KCF, Bandeca MC, Dantas AAR. An Atypical Case of Partial Displacement and Wash-out of the Mineral Trioxide Aggregate-based Sealer in Endodontic Surgery. World J Dent 2015;6(2):108-111.

Roopavathi KM, VenuGopal S, Pushpalatha G, Bennadi D, Santosh R, Madhura AS. Ankyloglossia and Quality of Life. World J Dent 2015;6(2):112-115.

Diniz RS, Maciel FJL, De Almeida Bastos Maciel A, Araújo MAR, Lamha APF, Bandeca MC, Pereira EM. Osteonecrosis of the Jaw associated with the Use of Bisphosphonates. World J Dent 2015;6(2):116-122.