Amornvit P, Bajracharya S, Rokaya D, Keawcharoen K, Raucharernporn S, Thongpulsawasdi N. Incidence of the Finger Defect in Golden Jubilee Medical Center: A 2-Year Retrospective Study. World J Dent 2014; 5(3):143-146.

The aim of this study was to design, develop and compare ultrasound tips with different angulations on time required for cast post removal.

To test and compare the ultrasonic tips developed, 36 metal patterns were fabricated from tin bars, on a mechanical precision lathe. Each metal pattern simulated an endodontically treated tooth, without coronal remaining, prepared to receive a cast post with 10 mm long. The cast posts were cemented with zinc phosphate cement. The metal patterns with their respective intraradicular posts cemented were stored at 37°C, at relative humidity 100%, for a period of 48 hours. After this period, the specimens were randomly divided into three groups, and each group was submitted to the action of one of the ultrasonic tips (n = 12): G1—tip with 30° angulation; G2—tip with 45° angulation and G3—tip without angulation (straight tip). Each ultrasonic tip was used on the surfaces of the cast posts (mesial, distal, buccal, lingual and incisal) for 5 seconds, at maximum power, until the cast post removal using an ultrasound device (Jet Sonic, Satelec System, Gnatus, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil). The time required for cast posts removal was recorded and the data statistically analyzed by the ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < 0.05).

The means of time evaluated for cast posts removal were G1: 59.25s; G2: 119.0s and G3: 48.4s. Group 2 presented the highest mean value in seconds, differing statistically from G1 and G3. No significant differences were observed between G1 and G3.

It may be concluded that the ultrasonic tip angulation had a direct influence on the time required for cast posts removal by ultrasound. When the different ultrasonic tips were compared, the 30° angulation and the straight tips required a shorter ultrasonic vibration time. All cast posts luted with zinc phosphate were successfully removed in a relatively short time by the different ultrasonic tips analyzed.

da Silva EG, Xavier ACC, Kamozaki MBB, Gomes APM, Torres CRG, Pagani C. Comparison of Different Ultrasonic Tip Angulations on Time Required for Cast Post Removal. World J Dent 2014;5(3):147-151.

The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the antibacterial effect of a new generation anticavity mouthwash (CariFree CTx4 treatment rinse) with that of a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash (Clohex), 0.05% sodium fluoride mouthwash (Colgate Plax Complete Care), 2% povidone iodine mouthwash (Betadine gargle and mouthwash) against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Strains of S. mutans and L. acidophilus were grown on suitable media and the inhibitory effect of the test substances was noted by disk diffusion method and Agar well diffusion method. The results obtained were then subjected to statistical analysis.

Efficacy of CTx4 treatment rinse mouthwash was less than chlorhexidine for both S. mutans and L. acidophilus whereas its efficacy was comparable to that of povidone iodine and sodium fluoride mouthwash for S. mutans and to that of sodium fluoride for L. acidophilus.

It was concluded that chlorhexidine is still the best mouthwash available.

Venkataraghavan K, Shah S, Choudhary P, Kaur M, Shah S, Trivedi K. Effectiveness of a New Generation Anticavity Mouthwash on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus Count: A Microbiological Study. World J Dent 2014;5(3):152-156.

Dentofacial appeal and smile are vital to a person's psychosocial well-being. The 'smile line’ is commonly used as a parameter to evaluate and categorize a person's smile. This study was undertaken to determine the parameters for an objective evaluation of smiles and to assess the prevalence of various smile determining parameters in relation to age among Saudi population in Asser region.

A cross-sectional survey was designed. A total of 162 study samples participated in the study. A pre-designed proforma was used to evaluate malocclusion which consisted—demographic details, smile line, gingival line, incisal line, lower lip to incisal line, buccal corridor, facial midline and dental midline, shade for upper central incisors and shade for upper lateral incisors.

The mean age of study participants were 27.07 ± 9.76 years. Majority of the participant, i.e. 52%, had average smile line and 9.3% had very high smile line. 64.8% of the study participants had normal gingival line. Only 2.5% had over, incisal line whereas 77.2 had normal incisal line. Majority (88.3%) of the participants had normal lower lip to incisal line. 44.4% had small buccal corridor.

There is scientific evidence that a certain smile line/tooth arrangement is the most common parameter which can be applied for treatment planning purposes. These results underline the importance of the smile line when restoring a patient's intraoral harmony. The clinician should aim for these parameters for an esthetic and functional balance.

AlQarni MA, Almnea RA, Asiri WS, Alhendi KD, AlQahtani NA. Evaluation of Smile Line in Relation to Age among Saudi Population in Asser Region. World J Dent 2014;5(3):157-161.

Gilbert TJ, Silva MB, Pinto SCS, Bhandi SH, de Musis CR, Castro I, Estrela C, Borges AH, Tonetto MR, Bandeca MC. Is there Correlation between the Root Apex Anatomy with External Root Resorption? World J Dent 2014;5(3):162-165.

The clinical manifestation of periodontal diseases (such as gingivitis and chronic periodontitis) results from a complex interplay between the etiologic agents such as bacteria that present in the dental plaque, genetic factors, systemic diseases, smoking and exposure of some heavy metals, such as mercury. In this study, we aimed to evaluate hair mercury levels in healthy subjects in comparison with periodontal patients.

One hundred twenty subjects were enrolled in this study. The included persons were divided into 3 groups: healthy subjects (n = 40), gingivitis (n = 40) and chronic periodontitis patients (n = 40). Hair samples were collected from occipital area of head. Total mercury levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

The difference between mercury levels in three groups were statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). Mercury level in periodontitis patients was greater than the gingivitis group (p-value < 0.001). In addition the differences between mercury levels in periodontitis patients vs healthy individuals was significant (p-value = 0.048). The gingivitis patients had lower levels of mercury than the control group, but the difference was not significant (p-value = 0.170).

The results showed that the levels of mercury are to some extent differed in periodontal diseases in comparison with the healthy individuals. A study with larger sample size is needed for clarification of this issue.

Roushan HH, Parsian H, Alijannia R, Mosapour A, Khafri S. Hair Mercury Levels in Periodontal Patients in Comparison with Healthy Individuals. World J Dent 2014;5(3):166-169.

The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare effect of calcium hydroxide with different vehicles on the mineral content of root dentin—an EDAX analysis, after 1, 2 and 3 weeks.

Seventy-five freshly extracted single rooted teeth were selected for study and randomly divided into 5 groups. An access to the root canal of all teeth was prepared using a round and cylindrical bur (Mani Inc.). Canals were instrumented with stainless steel K file (Dentsply Maillefer, Johnson City, TN) so that the file extended beyond the apical foramen by 1 mm. And then canals were prepared to a size F2 with hand proTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Johnson City, TN). Copious irrigation with sterile saline was done. Sample of group 1—were sealed apically with bonded composite resin and coronally with cotton pellet and bonded composite resin. Samples of group 2—were filled with thick slurry made with calcium hydroxide and saline using lentulo spiral (Henry Schein). To ensure intimate contact with the canal walls, excess calcium hydroxide was intentionally extruded past the apex. Root canals were sealed apically and coronally in the same manner as in previous group. Samples of group 3—Calcigel (water based calcium hydroxide, Prevest Denpro Ltd), group 4—Metapex (oil based calcium hydroxide, Meta BioMed) and group 5—Calcium hydroxide and propylene glycol, were prepared in the same manner as previous group. The samples were maintained at room temperature and 100% humidity in incubator. After 7 days, 5 samples from each group were removed from incubator and the roots were vertically sectioned into 1 mm thick specimen with water cooled diamond disk. Each section of sample was then evaluated under EDAX. After 14th and 21st day 5 samples of each group were removed and tested in same manner as mentioned previously.

Bagmar S, Jadhav S, Hegde V, Dixit V, Shiraguppi VKL. To Evaluate and Compare Effect of Calcium Hydroxide with Different Vehicles on the Mineral Content of Root Dentin: An EDAX Analysis. World J Dent 2014;5(3):170-173.

Al-Shahrani I, Togoo RA, Syed S. Recent Graduates’ Perspective of Bachelors of Dental Surgery Program at KKU, College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia: A Report. World J Dent 2014;5(3):174-179.

The aim of this paper was to assess the influence of playing wind instruments on the oral cavity including the positive effect on the reduction of existing dental disorders. Special attention was paid to changes in teeth alignment measured by overbite and overjet.

A systematic review was conducted after browsing Medline and Embase data bases.

Seventeen studies proved eligible under the selection criteria. Selected papers included two randomized trials: review articles and case reports.

Wind instruments may favor the development of malocclusions, changes on oral mucosa and hamper the usage of prostheses. Playing wind instruments may help during orthodontic treatment but there are still no scientific evidence supporting their possible positive effects.

Bluj-Komarnitka K, Komarnitki I, Olczak-Kowalczyk D. Wind Instruments and their Influence on Oral Cavity: Systematic Review. World J Dent 2014;5(3):180-183.

Amornvit P, Rokaya D, Bajracharya S, Keawcharoen K, Supavanich W. Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Implant Retained Mandibular Advancement Device. World J Dent 2014;5(3):184-189.

Augustine D, Ramesh M, Murali S, Sekar B, Paul G. Osteosarcoma of Mandible: A Rare Report with Literature Review. World J Dent 2014;5(3):190-192.

Sharma S, Bumb D, Sen S, Priyadardshini S. An Unusual Case of Guava Seed Embedded in Buccal Mucosa for Past 6 Months. World J Dent 2014; 5(3):193-195.

Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Patil S. Expect the Exceptional. World J Dent 2014;5(3):196-197.