World Journal of Dentistry

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Volume 15, Number 1, January 2024
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Vinayak Jyothi, Pradeep Kumar, Prathap MS Nair, Vivian Flourish D Costa, Jayaprakash K Perla

An In Vitro Comparison of Seventh- and Eighth-generation Dentin Bonding Agents Microtensile Durability Employing Giomer

[Year:2024] [Month:January] [Volume:15] [Number:1] [Pages:5] [Pages No:1 - 5]

Keywords: Eight-generation bonding agent, Giomer, Microtensile strength, Seventh-generation bonding agent

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2368  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the microtensile bond strength of Giomer resin (Shofu Beautifil II Refills) to dentin using eighth-generation dental adhesive (G-Premio Bond GC) and seventh-generation dental adhesive (BeautiBond bonding agent—Shofu). Materials and methods: A total of 30 anonymized premolars were used. Two groups with 15 samples were allocated to each group. In group I, the seventh-generation bonding agent was used, and in group II, the eighth-generation bonding agent was used by keeping Giomer resin as the common restorative material in both groups. Samples were prepared by exposing the coronal dentin using a high-speed diamond disk. Etching of the exposed coronal dentin was done using 37% phosphoric acid, following which application of bonding agent was applied respectively by following the instruction manual of the bonding agent. Three equal increments of Giomer resin restorative material were made as blocks on the dentin surface of the tooth by light curing each increment for 30–40 seconds. A 21-gauge ortho wire was inserted through the resin block. The specimens were mounted in a universal testing machine. The microtensile force was applied parallel to the long axis of each specimen until the specimen was deboned. The tensile load at which the fracture occurs was recorded. The microtensile bond strength value was recorded in units of Mega Pascal (MPa). The results were analyzed using an independent t-test. Results: There is a significant difference between the seventh- and eighth-generation bonding agents when bonded with Giomer resin (p < 0.05). The mean average force to debond Giomer from the eighth-generation bonding agent from the exposed dentin is 5.894 N. Whereas, to debond Giomer bonded with the seventh-generation bonding agent from the exposed dentin is 3.176 N. Hence, the result of the study shows that eighth-generation bonding agents have higher microtensile strength than the seventh-generation bonding agents when bonded with Giomer resin material. Conclusion: In this in vitro study, eighth-generation, and seventh-generation bonding agents’ microtensile strength was determined individually by using Giomer as the restorative material. It was proved that the eighth-generation bonding agents have better microtensile strength than seventh-generation bonding agents. Clinical significance: Choosing the parameter microtensile strength because the efficacy of dentin bonding agent is mainly evaluated by tensile or microtensile bond strength. In this study, it was proved that the eighth-generation bonding agent shows superior microtensile bond strength when compared to the seventh-generation bonding agent while employing Giomer as the restorative material. This study can help clinicians choose the best restorative material like Giomer, which is widely used for its good color matching, reduced microleakage, increased fluoride release, and bonding agent, which has higher strength.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Pranav Desai, Paresh Gandhi, Rajashree Jadhav, Aarti Gachake, Rupali Patil, Pankaj Kadam

Evaluation of Microbial Leakage in Three Different Implant Abutment Connections by Analyzing the Presence of Staphylococci: An In Vitro Study

[Year:2024] [Month:January] [Volume:15] [Number:1] [Pages:7] [Pages No:6 - 12]

Keywords: Dental implants, Implant-abutment connection, Implant-abutment microgap, Peri-implantitis

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2356  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate and compare microbial leakage occurring in three different popularly used implant-abutment connections (IAC). Materials and methods: Nine implant analogs and abutments have a Conelog connection (BioHorizons, United States of America), nine implant analog and abutments have a Conexa connection (B&B, Italy), and nine implant analog and abutments have an Internal octagon connection (Osstem, Korea) were immersed in bacterial peptone broth containing Staphylococci bacteria for 14 days. After this time, the implant analog abutment assemblies were disassembled, and swabs were taken from the internal surface of the connection, which were then cultured and evaluated for growth. Results: Microbial leakage was seen in 15 out of 27 samples. Conclusion: Higher quantities of bacterial ingress were seen in the Conexa and Internal octagon connections. However, the differences were not found to be statistically significant. Clinical significance: The implant abutment connections is one of the most crucial components of the implant-prosthesis system, especially when it comes to the longevity of the treatment. When this IAC is subjected to occlusal loading, micromovements of the abutment occur, which perpetuate a microgap between the abutment and implant. This microgap can cause leakage of microorganisms, which would then act as a bacterial reservoir. This gap is located at the level of the alveolar crest. This could lead to unfavorable biological consequences such as inflammation and infection, leading to peri-implantitis and increased crestal bone loss, which could ultimately lead to implant failure.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Chhavi Sharma, Atibha Makhija, Bhupender Yadav, Ashima Singh, Abhishek Nagpal, Omkar Shetty

A Comparative Evaluation of Anti-candidal Efficacy of Commercially Available Neem Tablets and Denture Cleansers on Complete Dentures: An In Vivo Study

[Year:2024] [Month:January] [Volume:15] [Number:1] [Pages:6] [Pages No:13 - 18]

Keywords: Biofilm, Candida albicans, Commercially available denture cleansers, Denture stomatitis

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2355  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of commercially available neem tablets and denture cleaners on the Candida albicans (C. albicans) biofilm present over the intaglio surface of complete dentures. Materials and methods: A total of 40 complete denture patients were selected, based on the cleansing criteria they were split into four groups (n = 10) for evaluation of efficacy of four denture cleansing methods. Group I (purified water) was taken as control group, group II had Clinsodent denture cleanser (8 hours/overnight), group III neem tablets (8 hours/overnight), and group IV Densive denture cleanser (15 minutes immersion time). Before and after the immersion procedure, samples were collected and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar media. The total candidal count [colony-forming unit (CFU)/4 cm2] was then determined. The data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni test and paired t-tests. Results: The results showed significant decrease in colony count in group II, that is, the Clinsodent group followed by group III (neem tablets), group IV (Densive denture cleanser), respectively. Mean change of CFU was highest in group II, that is, 138000, whereas lowest in group IV, that is, 65000. The p-value < 0.05, for groups II, III, and IV shows significant decrease in candidal count. Whereas, group I, the control group, is showing nonsignificant results. Conclusion: In comparison to other denture-cleansing agents, Clinsodent was shown to have the highest anti-candidal efficacy. The results showed significant reduction in following order (Clinsodent>neem tablets>Densive>purified water) but none of them was able to completely eradicate the biofilm. Hence, for the total eradication of biofilm, a mix of chemical and mechanical cleaning should be employed. Clinical significance: Poor oral hygiene in edentulous mouth contributes to halitosis, increase denture plaque aggregation and denture stomatitis. Hence, effective method of denture cleansing should be known and employed for regression of plaque adhesion.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Vyshnavi Devi Janagaraj, Lakshmi Shivasubramanian, Vigneswaran Sekar, Annapoorni Hariharan

Influence of Finishing and Polishing Procedures on the Surface Characteristics and Flexural Strength of Monolithic Zirconia: An In Vitro Study

[Year:2024] [Month:January] [Volume:15] [Number:1] [Pages:6] [Pages No:19 - 24]

Keywords: Flexural strength, Monolithic, Polishing Kit, Scanning electron microscopy, Zirconia

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2363  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the finishing and polishing system on surface roughness, topography, and flexural strength of monolithic zirconia. Materials and methods: A total of 20 samples were milled and sintered into bar-shaped specimens (16 × 4 × 1.6 mm) from a presintered yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP block). They were divided into two groups containing 10 each. The control group consisted of glazed untreated zirconia. The experimental group consisted of specimens whose surfaces were roughened using a red diamond-coated bur for 20 seconds, and then they were polished using a Diacera intraoral polishing kit. The samples were evaluated quantitatively for surface roughness using a surface profilometer and qualitatively by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the flexural strength of the two groups was tested using an Instron universal testing machine. The results were statistically analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilcoxon test and Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Scanning electron microscopic images showed evident differences in the topography of untreated, roughened, polished monolithic zirconia. The polished group had a lower average surface roughness value (Ra = 0.13 μm) when compared to untreated Zirconia. There was no statistically significant difference between the test and control group. The highest flexural strength was seen in the polished test group (max: 320.80 MPa). There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the test and control group. Conclusion: Eve Diacera's zirconia polishing kit created a smoother and more uniform surface on monolithic zirconia. The flexural strength of roughened and polished monolithic zirconia was relatively higher than that of untreated zirconia. Under a SEM, there was an evident difference in the topography of untreated, roughened, and polished monolithic zirconia. Clinical significance: Finishing and polishing procedures mainly enhance esthetics, aid in reducing surface irregularities, and maximize biocompatibility by limiting bacterial adherence to the surface, among other advantages. Therefore, finishing and polishing are crucial for the longevity of the restorations.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Nisshitha Rao Setvaji, Aravind Kumar Subramanian

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Green Synthesized Strontium Fluorapatite Nanoparticles on Human Gingival Fibroblasts: An In Vitro Study

[Year:2024] [Month:January] [Volume:15] [Number:1] [Pages:5] [Pages No:25 - 29]

Keywords: Cytotoxicity test, Fluorapatite, Human gingival fibroblasts, MTT assay, Nanoparticle, Strontium

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2357  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the cytotoxicity of the green synthesized strontium fluorapatite nanoparticles (SrFAp NPs) on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell lines using MTT assay. Materials and methods: Strontium fluorapatite nanoparticles (SrFAP NPs) used in the present study were developed using green synthesis method from plant extracts of Equisetum arvense (Horsetail) and Laminariales (Kelp) along with fluoride and hydroxyapatite precursors. The HGF cell lines were treated with different concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 80 μg/mL of SrFAp NPs and cultured. The cultured media was treated with MTT reagent and incubated. The number of damaged or dying cells was represented by the absorbance of the produced formazan at 570 nm and measured using a UV Vis spectrophotometer. Results: The cell viability decreased with increasing concentrations of SrFAp NPs. At the lowest concentrations of 10 μg/mL, cell viability was 83%, and at 20, 30, 40, and 80 μg/mL, the cell viability was 81, 79, 74, and 70%, respectively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant difference between the different concentrations (p = 0.000, F = 14.682). Conclusion: Green synthesized SrFAp NPs showed good biocompatibility against HGF using the MTT assay. At the lowest concentration of 10 μg/mL, cell viability was 83% and at the highest concentration of 80 μg/mL NPs, the cell viability was 70%. Clinical significance: Strontium fluorapatite nanoparticles (SrFAp NPs) were developed by green synthesis method, which is nontoxic and environmentally friendly. The NPs were hypothesized to have enamel remineralizing properties which could be further applied clinically to prevent white spot lesions.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Kodali Srija, Swarna Swathi Silla, Cheruku S Reddy, Penmetcha Sarada, Ziauddin Mohammad, Prathap C Manivannan

Assessment of the Impact of Dental Fluorosis on the Oral Health-related Quality of Life in 10–14-year-old Children

[Year:2024] [Month:January] [Volume:15] [Number:1] [Pages:6] [Pages No:30 - 35]

Keywords: Child perception, Dental fluorosis, Oral health-related quality of life

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2361  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To assess the impact of dental fluorosis on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in 10–14-year-old children. Materials and methods: The present study included a total of 545 children aged 10–14 years. All the children were screened to note dean fluorosis indices, decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT), and oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S) followed by which, children were asked to answer the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ) in their local language. Screening at schools ended with an oral healthcare talk. The data collected was compiled, tabulated, and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Among the 545 subjects in the study 58.3% were males and 41.7% were females. The mean Dean fluorosis index score was 2.48 ± 0.77. The means of domains oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being, and social well-being were 2.41 ± 2.56, 2.14 ± 2.70, 3.73 ± 4.58, and 4.38 ± 5.55, respectively. Multiple regression analysis of the data showed that dental fluorosis had a significant impact on OHRQoL in children. A comparison of OHRQoL scores between various Dean's fluorosis index scores shows that OHRQoL was mostly affected in children with severe fluorosis followed by moderate fluorosis. Conclusion: Dental fluorosis has a negative impact on the OHRQoL of children. An increase in the degree of fluorosis has a more negative effect on the OHRQoL. Dental fluorosis mainly affects the children's social and emotional well-being. Clinical significance: Fluorosis affects the OHRQoL of children, suitable health education and preventive measures can be provided. It is essential to take precautions to lower the danger of fluoride exposure. Parents can be educated about the causes of dental fluorosis, preventive measures, and management.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Malini Venugopal, Nishna Thankappan, Vennila Chandran, Rohith Radhakrishna, Niveditha Kartha, Lekshmi Anand, Krupa R Robert, Gopika MS Nair

Prenatal, Natal, and Postnatal Risk Factors Associated with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Case–control Study

[Year:2024] [Month:January] [Volume:15] [Number:1] [Pages:8] [Pages No:36 - 43]

Keywords: Molar Incisor hypomineralization, Perinatal history, Risk factors

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2344  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the association of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) with prenatal, natal, and postnatal factors among children aged 7–12 years. Materials and methods: It is a case–control study. The participants were first examined for the diagnosis of MIH as per European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria 2003. A structured closed-ended questionnaire including potential etiological factors during prenatal, natal, and postnatal periods was constructed. A face-to-face interview was conducted with the mother, and the mother answered yes/no. Proposed risk factors were collected from exhaustive literature reviews. Results: Prenatal risk factors were found to have a strong correlation with MIH. Among these, hypertension, chickenpox, and excessive consumption of medications showed a strong correlation. Thyroid, excessive vomiting, and abortion also showed a positive correlation. Low birth weight among natal factors, pneumonia, tonsillitis, prolonged breastfeeding, and multiple hospital admissions among postnatal factors were shown to have a strong correlation with MIH. Conclusion: In the present study, the presence of prenatal and postnatal risk factors was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing MIH. A significantly higher prevalence of MIH was seen in children belonging to the lower middle socioeconomic section of the study population. Clinical significance: It's important to identify MIH groups at risk to reach an early diagnosis so that prevention can be initiated as soon as possible. MIH-affected teeth are 10 times more prone to treatment needs than normal counterparts. Awareness among pediatricians and gynecologists is highly recommended as adequate care for pregnant women and children during the first years of life is the key to the prevention of MIH. The dental follow-up of children who are exposed to risk factors during the perinatal stages is suggested for the timely diagnosis, preventive therapies, and treatment of MIH.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Jaiganesh Ramamurthy

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Nanoformulated Grape Seed Oil against Oral Microbes: An In Vitro Study

[Year:2024] [Month:January] [Volume:15] [Number:1] [Pages:4] [Pages No:44 - 47]

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Culture, Flavonoids, Grape seed oil, Herbal, Pathogens, Periodontal disease, Periodontitis

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2360  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aims and background: The aim of the current study is to assess the antimicrobial activity of the grape seed oil (GSO) gel infused with silver nanoparticle formulated under anaerobic condition against standard chlorhexidine gel. Materials and methods: Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from individuals diagnosed with periodontitis. The plaque sample were transferred to the lab in an Eppendorf tube-containing thioglycollate broth. The samples were transferred to anaerobic chamber for incubation at room temperature for 24 hours. 20 µL of the cultured broth solution were further subcultured into the test group gel plate (GSO) and control group gel plate (chlorhexidine), the subcultured gels were of five different concentrations, namely 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 µL. The subcultured plaque samples were transferred onto a Petri dish-containing brain heart transfusion agar. The Petri dishes were kept at 37° for 24 hours under anaerobic condition. Gas pack was placed in an anaerobic jar and evaluated after 24 hours for the number of colonies formed. Results: From the obtained results, it was observed that the number of colonies formed at 50 µL concentration in the GSO group was 275 followed by 53 colonies at 100 µL concentration. The colony count reduced to 6, 4, and 7 at 150, 200, and 250 µL concentration, respectively. The colonies formed in the control group were 4, 2, 3, 16, and 2 at 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 µL, respectively. The control group with chlorhexidine showed less number of colonies at all five concentrations. Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings highlight the noteworthy antimicrobial efficacy of GSO, particularly at higher concentrations, making it a promising alternative for managing periodontal disease. While chlorhexidine exhibited substantial microbial reduction even at lower concentrations, the natural extract of GSO offers the advantage of fewer side effects. This suggests a potential shift toward embracing GSO as a viable substitute for chlorhexidine gel in the pursuit of effective and minimally invasive periodontal care. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to solidify its role in enhancing dental health practices. Clinical significance: Grape seed oil (GSO) is a natural polyphenolic compound and has less side effects and it could be a potential agent for plaque control and management of periodontal disease. Conventional antimicrobial agents like chlorhexidine have limitations like staining of teeth and taste alterations which leads to exploration of alternative biologics.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Ferdian R Hutomo, David B Kamadjaja, Coen P Danudiningrat, Taufan Bramantoro, Muhammad S Amir

Dental Infection is a Major Problem in Indonesia: Retrospective Study in Emergency Department Attached to Dental Hospital

[Year:2024] [Month:January] [Volume:15] [Number:1] [Pages:5] [Pages No:48 - 52]

Keywords: Dental infection, Dental hospital, Emergency unit, Healthcare

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2362  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the profile of patients’ characteristics attending the emergency unit of a university-based dental hospital during the first 2.5 operating years. Materials and methods: The data was collected from the medical records of all patients who attended the emergency unit of Airlangga University Dental Hospital between August 2017 and February 2020. Demographic data, including gender, age, the time of the visit, education level, employment type, and diagnostic information, were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 920 patients visited the emergency unit of Airlangga University Dental Hospital. Saturdays had the most visits, and when combined with holidays, there was a significant difference between weekends and weekdays. The percentages of medical and dental complaints were 15.9 and 84.1%, respectively. Out of all the dental-related cases, infection was the most common (47.7%). Conclusion: Dental infections were the main reasons for an emergency unit visit. This data could be used to encourage relevant programs to reduce the unpleasant experience of an acute dental-related infection. Clinical significance: This research can be used to understand the distribution of patients according to their visits to the dental hospital so that hospitals can optimize hospital facilities according to their distribution.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Sumarlangki Sayoo, Narayanaswamy Shubhashini, Vinaya K Ramachandra, Annapoorna Kini

Evaluation of Two in Office Bleaching Systems with and without Laser Activation: An In Vitro Study

[Year:2024] [Month:January] [Volume:15] [Number:1] [Pages:7] [Pages No:53 - 59]

Keywords: Diode laser, Opalescence boost, Pola office, Spectrophotometry, Vita Shade Guide

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2365  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To compare and evaluate the efficacy of two in-office bleaching systems with and without laser activation. Materials and methods: A total of 75 extracted anterior teeth were collected, cleaned, and stored in distilled water at 37°C for 60 days. The specimens were artificially stained using a tea solution. The solution was renewed each day, and the specimens were stained to a uniform shade of C4 as judged visually and by a spectrophotometer. The teeth were divided into five groups of 15 each—group I, control group; group II, bleaching using Pola Office bleaching system; group III, bleaching using Opalescence Boost; group IV, Pola Office activated with diode laser; and group V, Opalescence Boost activated with diode laser. The color evaluation was done both prior to and after the procedure and the resultant data was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The multiple comparisons of the mean difference of ΣE between groups, showed that group II (p = 0.002) and III (p = 0.003) showed a significantly lesser mean ΣE value as compared to group IV (p = 0.007), and V (p = 0.03). Similar results were observed for L values. For C and H, group III demonstrated better results followed by groups V, II, and IV. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, groups with laser activation demonstrated greater improvement in color for the evaluated parameters compared to groups without laser activation with the Opalescence Boost and laser group showing the best results. Clinical significance: Lasers can serve as valuable adjuncts to traditional bleaching techniques as they significantly enhance the results.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Mounashree Narayanaswamy, Nagarathna Chikkanarasaiah

Shear Bond Strength of Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement to Primary Teeth Dentin Pretreated with Silver Diamine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride Varnish: An In Vitro Study

[Year:2024] [Month:January] [Volume:15] [Number:1] [Pages:4] [Pages No:60 - 63]

Keywords: Primary teeth, Resin-modified glass ionomer cement, Shear bond strength, Silver diamine fluoride, Sodium fluoride varnish

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2354  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to primary teeth dentin pretreated with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish. Materials and methods: Sixty samples of noncarious human primary molars were collected for the study. Teeth were prepared to expose a flat dentin surface and teeth were randomly divided into two groups. In group I primary teeth dentin surface was pretreated with SDF 38%, while group II samples were pretreated with NaF varnish 5%, then the samples were restored with RMGIC. SBS was evaluated using a universal testing machine. Results: The results of the study showed that the mean SBS of group I was significantly higher (11.64 ± 6.78) as compared to group II (7.90 ± 4.96) with a mean difference of 3.74 MPa. Conclusion: Primary teeth dentin surface pretreated with SDF 38% had shown an increase in the SBS to RMGIC when compared to NaF 5% varnish. Clinical significance: Bonding of restorative material to primary teeth dentin pretreated with caries-preventing agents has shown good adhesion to the dentinal surface. It is a simple, minimally invasive procedure that can be beneficial in the pediatric population.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Vyshnavi Madhamshetty, Swathi Aravelli, Ramachandruni Nimeshika, Sivaram Penigalapati, Chandrasekhar Veeramachineni, Kasam Swetha

Occupational Noise-induced Hearing Loss among Dental Professionals: An In Vivo Study

[Year:2024] [Month:January] [Volume:15] [Number:1] [Pages:4] [Pages No:64 - 67]

Keywords: Dental professionals, Hearing loss, Noise

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2364  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate sound levels generated in the Departments of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Prosthodontics, and Periodontics and to find out if the continuous high-frequency noise generated by dental armamentarium could damage the dental professionals hearing efficiency. Materials and methods: A total of 30 randomly selected dental practitioners from different specialties and 30 individuals in a control group who had no history of noise exposure were evaluated for their hearing capacity. The sound levels generated in the various departments were evaluated by decibel (dB) meter and the participant's hearing capacity was evaluated using an otoscopic examination, pure tone audiometry, and brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) test. Wilcoxon test was used to assess the significant difference between the dentists and the control group. Results: Sound levels generated in the department of periodontics were higher than in other departments. Around 20% of the study sample, or six dental practitioners, exhibited signs of hearing impairment; however, the qualitative analysis showed that the dentist's group had a greater percentage of hearing loss than their control groups in the pure tone audiometry test. Conclusion: The study shows that when dental professionals are exposed to noise in the workplace, the suddenness and frequency of noise occurrence, produce a significant influence on dental professionals. Clinical significance: As dental professionals are exposed to constant noise generated by the various dental equipment there might be an occupational hazard of these continuous exposure to long duration of high frequency sounds. So, the usage of protective equipment will help in preventing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Lavanya Govindaraju, Ganesh Jeevanandan, Prabhadevi C Maganur, Satish Vishwanathaiah

Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Novel Obturating Material with and without Iodoform: A Microbiological In Vitro Study

[Year:2024] [Month:January] [Volume:15] [Number:1] [Pages:4] [Pages No:68 - 71]

Keywords: Antimicrobial efficacy, Iodoform, Obturation, Primary teeth

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2359  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To compare and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of the novel obturating material with the augmentation of iodoform. Materials and methods: The novel obturating material with and without iodoform was loaded at 100 µL in Mueller–Hilton agar (MHA) plates against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Escherichia faecalis (E. faecalis) and was left undisturbed for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the inhibition zone was measured in millimeters using a vernier caliper. Results: The obturating material with iodoform produced a mean inhibition zone of 16.40 mm against S. mutans and 10.60 mm against E. faecalis, whereas the obturating material without iodoform produced a mean inhibition zone of 17.80 mm against S. mutans and 11.00 mm against E. faecalis. It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference found in the zone of inhibition when iodoform was added to the novel obturating material against both S. mutans and E. faecalis. Conclusion: Due to the undesirable effects of iodoform on primary teeth, a novel obturating material should be developed without the addition of this component and, at the same time, provide maximum antimicrobial effect. Clinical significance: Selecting the proper obturating material with the right choice of composition is crucial for maximizing the benefits for pediatric patients. An obturating material without iodoform but with the incorporation of other antimicrobial components can enhance the quality of obturation and the success rate of pulpectomy in children.

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REVIEW ARTICLE

Smrithi Vishakha Varma, Sheeja Saji Varghese, Sajan Velayudhan Nair

Exploring the Epigenetic Landscape—Insights from Epigenomics in Periodontitis and Stress-related Health Implications: A Review

[Year:2024] [Month:January] [Volume:15] [Number:1] [Pages:7] [Pages No:72 - 78]

Keywords: Chronic stress, Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation, Epigenetics, Epigenome, Histone modification, Immune response, Periodontitis

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2353  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Background: The emerging field of epigenetics probes into the intricate modifications and information beyond the primary genetic code, investigating how gene function can be altered and inherited across cell generations without changes in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences. This review specifically focuses on the epigenetic dimensions within two captivating areas—periodontitis and stress-related health implications. Aim: The aim of this literature review is to comprehensively delve into current research, shedding light on the interplay between epigenetics, oral health, and overall well-being. It particularly explores the epigenetic intricacies associated with periodontitis and stress-related conditions. Clinical significance: Despite the genetic complexity of periodontitis, the emergence of epigenetic biomarkers provides hope for early disease diagnosis and personalized management. Epigenetics, with established links to various diseases, including cancer, unfolds new therapeutic possibilities. While challenges persist in unraveling the intricacies of epigenetic regulation, it holds promise for advancing disease eradication, even for historically incurable conditions. Epigenetics stands as a hopeful avenue for treating stress-related disorders, although its full potential is still in the early stages of exploration.

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REVIEW ARTICLE

Revathi Duraisamy, Dhanraj Ganapathy, Rajeshkumar Shanmugam, Lakshmi Thangavelu

Systematic Review on Hydroxyapatite and Chitosan Combination-coated Titanium Implants on Osseointegration

[Year:2024] [Month:January] [Volume:15] [Number:1] [Pages:8] [Pages No:79 - 86]

Keywords: Chitosan, Coated, Dental implants, Hydroxyapatite, Osseointegration, Titanium

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2358  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To systematically examine existing scientific literature to assess the effectiveness of hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (CS) combination coatings on titanium (Ti) implants. Background: Osseointegration is the key to success of dental implants. Ti alloy is widely used for its biocompatibility, ductility, and strength. HA and CS-coated Ti implants showed improved osseointegration. HA and CS have their own merits and demerits. The high elastic moduli of Ti alloys used in dental implants induce bone resorption, causing alveolar bone remodeling due to insufficient stress stimulation on bone tissue, leading to implant failure. Also, Ti alloys are highly susceptible to bacterial growth due to their reduced osteoconductive and osteoinductive property. To combat the abovementioned disadvantages, various surface modifications, biofunctionalization, and texture fabrication in combination with antibacterial nanoparticles have been performed on Ti alloys. Materials and methods: The search strategy was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar with no language and date of publication restriction to identify experiments that compared the osseointegration of HA-coated and CS-coated Ti dental implants. All in vitro and in vivo studies comparing the same were included. RoBDEMAT and SYRCLE's risk assessment tools were used to evaluate the risk of bias (RoB) for in vitro and in vivo studies. Review results: A total of 73 articles were obtained. On removing the duplicates and screening for title and abstract, three full-text articles were then assessed for eligibility criteria. Two were excluded for not satisfying the inclusion criteria. One article which remained also does not adhere to strict eligibility criteria. However, it compared the HA/CS complex-coated Ti dental implants with different porosities. RoB was found to be moderate for the in vitro and in vivo experiments of the included article. In vitro and in vivo assessments that compared the effect of HA/CS complex-coated porous Ti dental implants showed improved osseointegration than nonporous, noncoated solid Ti dental implants. Conclusion: Enhanced osseointegration was observed in the HA and CS complex-coated porous Ti dental implants, potentially improving implant success in compromised bone. Further extensive human trials are necessary to fully validate these findings across diverse clinical scenarios. Clinical significance: Excellent osseointegration of HA and CS complex-coated porous Ti dental implants can facilitate successful implant placement and improved performance in compromised and porous bone.

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