Aim: To assess the correlation of salivary vitamin D with the severity of dental caries and the eruption status of the teeth. Materials and methods: Eighty children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited. The permanent decayed, missing, and filled teeth/primary decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT/dmft) index was recorded using oral health diagnostic criteria defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Subjects were divided into four groups: group I: no dental caries (dmft/DMFT = 0); group II: mild dental caries (1 ≤ dmft/DMFT ≤ 2); group III: moderate dental caries (3 ≤ dmft/DMFT ≤ 4); group IV: severe dental caries (dmft/DMFT ≥ 5). The clinical eruption status was recorded using the FDI system. Vitamin D levels were measured from the salivary samples collected from subjects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Data from this cross-sectional study showed that dental caries and salivary vitamin D levels were inversely related, with a statistically insignificant correlation between the clinical eruption status of the teeth and salivary vitamin D levels. Conclusion: The observations demonstrate that vitamin D may help prevent dental caries in children and provide credence to the necessity of public health campaigns that promote good oral health through sensible eating practices and exposure to sunlight. Clinical significance: The study's clinical value stems from its ability to determine preventive measures and improve pediatric oral health outcomes. The association between salivary vitamin D levels and dental caries allows healthcare providers to adopt preventive measures that foster good oral health.