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VOLUME 16 , ISSUE 1 ( January, 2025 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Comparison of Caffeine and Ethanol Administration on Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-β and Osteoprotegerin Expression in Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Ardiansyah Sahabu Pawinru, Eka Erwansyah, Eddy Heriyanto Habar, Aisa Nirmala Setyani, Michael Ivan Limanto

Keywords : Bone remodeling, Caffeine, Ethanol, Orthodontic tooth movement, Osteoprotegerin, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β

Citation Information : Pawinru AS, Erwansyah E, Habar EH, Setyani AN, Limanto MI. Comparison of Caffeine and Ethanol Administration on Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-β and Osteoprotegerin Expression in Orthodontic Tooth Movement. World J Dent 2025; 16 (1):1-7.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2564

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 13-03-2025

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2025; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim: This study aims to assess the impact of caffeine and ethanol on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β (RANK) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), in addition to tooth mobility during orthodontic therapy. Materials and methods: The study was executed experimentally in the laboratory utilizing a posttest only control group strategy. The sample comprised 15 Wistar rats equipped with a closed coil spring, categorized into three groups: the orthodontic force group, the orthodontic force and caffeine group, and the orthodontic force and ethanol group, each observed for 3 days. Tooth movement was assessed on day 3, after which the rats were euthanized and specimens were prepared utilizing immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: The expression of RANK on day 3 seems to elevate with the administration of force combined with caffeine; however, it does not differ significantly when only force is delivered. The application of force combined with ethanol in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) influences RANK expression; however, it does not significantly differ from the absence of ethanol during the process. The expression of OPG on day 3, as presented in Tables 1 and 2, demonstrates that group (N2) has a larger OPG expression than group (N1), with statistically significant differences. Caffeine concentration can elevate OPG expression in osteoblasts, thereby influencing bone apposition during orthodontic therapy. The expression of OPG in each group indicates that the force + ethanol treatment (N3) does not exceed the force + caffeine treatment (N2). The administration of both force combined with caffeine and force combined with ethanol similarly affects RANK expression and elevates osteoclast numbers in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB-ligand (RANKL), a regulator of bone remodeling during tooth movement. Conclusion: Caffeine and ethanol affect the elevated expression of OPG and RANK. The comparison of their impact on the expression of OPG and RANK is not significantly different following the application of orthodontic force on day 3. Clinical Significance: This study highlights the clinical implications of caffeine and ethanol in modulating RANK and OPG expression during OTM. This understanding could inform the development of more targeted orthodontic interventions. Ultimately, these findings may enhance therapeutic strategies for managing OTM and improve patient outcomes.

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