Citation Information :
Veerappan A, Baliah J, Pillai AB, Reddy J, Thirugnanasambantham K. Estimation and Comparison of Salivary microRNA-21 Levels in Periodontitis among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nondiabetic Patients: A Comparative Study. World J Dent 2024; 15 (12):1050-1054.
Aim and background: This study aimed to estimate and compare the salivary micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA)-21 levels in periodontitis among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nondiabetic patients.
Materials and methods: The 40 study participants reporting to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology were divided into two groups. Group I comprised T2DM with periodontitis, and group II comprised nondiabetic patients with periodontitis. The unstimulated whole salivary samples were collected from the study participants using the spitting method and stored at –80°C. The relative expression of miRNA-21 was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results: An independent “t” test was used to compare the miRNA-21 levels between the two groups. Among the periodontitis patients, a statistically significant (p = 0.002) increase in miRNA-21 expression was observed in T2DM compared to nondiabetic patients. Salivary miRNA-21 expression was 2.0-fold higher in T2DM with periodontitis. In addition, Spearman's correlation revealed a positive correlation of miRNA-21 with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The receiver operating curve (ROC) curve analysis revealed salivary miRNA-21 was the best predictor with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.792 (p = 0.002) with a sensitivity and specificity of 80 and 75%, respectively.
Conclusion: In periodontitis, salivary miRNA-21 is upregulated in T2DM compared to nondiabetic patients.
Clinical relevance: Salivary miRNA-21 has not been studied for T2DM with periodontitis. Salivary miRNA-21 could be a diagnostic marker for T2DM. In addition, noninvasive salivary miRNA-21 could be an alternative to HbA1c, as there is a positive correlation of miRNA-21 with HbA1c.
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