World Journal of Dentistry

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VOLUME 15 , ISSUE 10 ( October, 2024 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Hormonal Fingerprints and Metabolic Syndrome— Its Implications as a Risk Factor for Periodontitis: A Case-control Study

Gautami S Penmetsa, Anusha B, Itha Joshna, Ramesh KSV, Praveen Gadde, Ramesh Manumanthu

Keywords : Hormonal fingerprints, Metabolic syndrome, Periodontitis, Risk factor

Citation Information : Penmetsa GS, B A, Joshna I, KSV R, Gadde P, Manumanthu R. Hormonal Fingerprints and Metabolic Syndrome— Its Implications as a Risk Factor for Periodontitis: A Case-control Study. World J Dent 2024; 15 (10):892-896.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2520

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 27-01-2025

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).


Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between sexually dimorphic traits established early in life [second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D)] and its correlation with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontitis. This was a case-control study. Subjects were divided into three groups (group A, B, C) with 150 participants (75 males and 75 females) in each group, respectively. Group A consisted of systemically and periodontally healthy individuals. Group B consisted of participants with no MetS and who have periodontitis, and group C consisted of participants with MetS and periodontitis. Measurement of 2D:4D ratio, measurement of MetS parameters, and diagnosis of periodontitis were performed. On intragroup comparison, the 2D:4D ratio for systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (group A) was 0.99 ± 0.04, while in participants with no MetS and who have periodontitis (group B), the mean was 0.99 ± 0.05, and in participants with MetS and periodontitis (group C), it was 1.00 ± 0.04, with no statistical significance. Gender-wise comparison exhibited that the digit ratios of males were lower with <1, while females had >1 digit ratios. On intergroup comparison, 2D:4D ratios were not statistically significant when participants with no MetS and who have periodontitis (group B) were compared to systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (group A) (0.0027 ± 0.0045, p = 0.932). Additionally, 2D:4D ratios were not statistically significant in participants with MetS and periodontitis (group C) compared to systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (group A) (0.0060 ± 0.0045, p = 0.542), and 2D:4D ratios were not statistically significant in participants with MetS and periodontitis (group C) compared to participants with no MetS and who have periodontitis (group B) (0.0033 ± 0.0045, p = 0.884). The 2D:4D ratio is a sexually dimorphic biometric biomarker. In the present study, there were no differences in digit ratios among systemically healthy, MetS, and periodontitis patients, and the digit ratio was predominantly less than 1 (<1) in males when compared to females, whose digit ratio was greater than 1 (>1). Clinical significance: Better preventive measures can be provided by the early detection of hormonal biomarkers in the diagnosis of MetS and periodontal diseases (PDs).


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