World Journal of Dentistry

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VOLUME 14 , ISSUE 3 ( March, 2023 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Evaluation of Clove and Ginger-mediated Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles-based Dental Varnish against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus Species: An In Vitro Study

Jerry Joe Chokkattu, Ditty J Mary, Rajeshkumar Shanmugam, Singamsetty Neeharika

Keywords : Antimicrobial activity, Clove, Dental varnish, Ginger, Titanium oxide nanoparticle

Citation Information : Chokkattu JJ, Mary DJ, Shanmugam R, Neeharika S. Evaluation of Clove and Ginger-mediated Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles-based Dental Varnish against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus Species: An In Vitro Study. World J Dent 2023; 14 (3):233-237.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2185

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 05-05-2023

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2023; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim: To study the mechanism of action of clove and ginger-mediated titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs)-based dental varnish against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus species. Materials and methods: Plant extract was prepared from ginger and clove, which was purchased locally and processed in a mixer grinder to create a fine powder. A total of 100 mL of distilled water was used to dissolve 0.5 gm of each of the powders, followed by cooking on a hotplate for 10 minutes at 60°C until it bubbled. The extract was collected, filtered, and stored. Dental varnish is prepared using a titration of 6.26 mm of titanium dioxide powder in 60 mL of distilled water was prepared followed by the addition of 40 mL of plant extract into an orbital shaker. Varied concentrations of dental varnish (25, 50, 100 μL) were introduced into culture well plates consisting of S. mutans and Lactobacillus followed by incubation. Antibacterial properties were analyzed through the recording of zones of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bacterial concentration. Results: The results have demonstrated that when concentration rises, optical density values fall, demonstrating a bactericidal action. The results show a great difference between the values of optical density of the test samples at various concentrations in the order of 25, 50, and 100 μL being the highest when compared with control and antibiotic groups against Streptococcus and Lactobacillus. The results have proved that the greenly generated dental varnish has demonstrated good antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that a dental varnish formulation based on TiO2 NPs mediated by clove and ginger has proved to have an effective antibacterial action and should be further evaluated through in vivo studies too. Clinical significance: Due to their effective antibacterial qualities, titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been used to create a dental varnish that works well when combined with natural compounds like ginger and clove. This varnish can be improved with further testing using in vivo simulations.


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