Evaluation of Clinical and Microbiological Outcomes of Photodynamic Therapy-assisted Flap Surgery in Stages II and III, with Grades B and C Periodontitis: A Prospective Clinical Trial
Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of surgical periodontal therapy (SurgPT) in conjunction with photodynamic-assisted surgery (PTAS) with SurgPT alone.
Materials and methods: A total of 13 participants with stages II and III, with grades B and C periodontitis and contralateral probing pocket depths (PPD) ≥5 mm on at least two adjacent teeth, were randomly assigned to PTAS and SurgPT groups. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), PPD, and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Red complex bacteria levels were measured using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at baseline and 3 months.
Results: All clinical parameters were reduced significantly in both groups. Intergroup comparison revealed that the PTAS group had a considerably higher PI and GI decrease. However, the difference in reduction of PPD and CAL was not significant at given time intervals. At 3 months, PCR evaluation showed a decrease in levels of red complex bacteria with no intergroup differences.
Conclusion: Both the PTAS and SurgPT showed definitive improvement in all parameters. PTAS using indocyanine green (ICG) yielded a resolution of PI and GI, which can be attributed to the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Clinical significance: PTAS may be a safe alternative for systemic antibiotics in combination with SurgPT for the management of chronic periodontitis.
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