World Journal of Dentistry

Register      Login

VOLUME 13 , ISSUE S1 ( Supplementary Issue 1, 2022 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Cortical Bone Thickness and Root Proximity of Virtually Placed Mini-implants: A CBCT Evaluation

Lichi Ashwin Solanki, Swapna Sreenivasagan

Keywords : Bone thickness, Mini-implants, Root contact, Virtual implant planning

Citation Information :

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2138

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 01-10-2022

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to place virtual mini-implants (MIs) in implant planning software and determine bone thickness (BT) as well as MI proximity to the root at various angulations. Materials and methods: A total of 55 cone-beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) were superimposed with the intraoral scans of the respective patients in the virtual implant planning software (3Shape Unite). The BT and root proximity of the virtual MIs were measured at 40°, 50°, and 70° to the tooth's long axis. IBM SPSS Statistics Software was used for the statistical analysis. Kruskal–Wallis test was used for intergroup and intragroup comparisons. Mann–Whitney U test was used for comparison among gender. Results: The BT was 1.27 ± 0.3, 1.06 ± 0.3, and 1.03 ± 0.21 at 40°, 50°, and 70° angulations, respectively (p < 0.05). The root proximity of virtual implants was 1.9 ± 1.01, 1.6 ± 0.8, and 0.5 ± 0.2 at 40°, 50°, and 70° angulations (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found among males and females at 40°, 50°, and 70° angulation for BT. However, the distance from the root at 50° was significantly lesser for females as compared to males (p < 0.05). Intragroup comparisons showed statistical significance for BT among all groups (p < 0.05), for root proximity of the virtual implants among groups I and III (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The mean cortical BT decreased, and the root proximity of virtual implant increased as the placement angulation increased from 40° to 70°. The BT did not differ significantly among males and females at all the angulations. The distance between the root and virtual implants was significantly lesser for females than males, only at 50° angulation. Clinical significance: Using virtual MI software will help in the accurate placement of MIs by engaging the maximum thickness of bone and reducing the failure rates by preventing root contact.


PDF Share
  1. Liaw JJ, Wang DW. Paradigm shifts in orthodontic treatment with mini-implant anchorage. APOS Trends Orthod 2015;5(2):56–62. DOI: 10.4103/2321-1407.152053
  2. Becker K, Pliska A, Busch C, et al. Efficacy of orthodontic mini implants for en masse retraction in the maxilla: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Implant Dent 2018;4(1): 35. DOI: 10.1186/s40729-018-0144-4
  3. Oswal S, Agarkar SS, Jethe S, et al. Clinical use of orthodontic mini-implants for intrusion and retraction: a systematic review. Aust Orthod J 2021;36(1):87–100. DOI: 10.21307/aoj-2020-011
  4. Upadhyay M, Yadav S. Mini-implants for retraction, intrusion and protraction in a class II division 1 patient. J Orthod 2007;34(3):158–167. DOI: 10.1179/146531207225022140
  5. Lai T, Chen M. Factors affecting the clinical success of orthodontic anchorage: experience with 266 temporary anchorage devices. J Dent Sci 2014;9(1):49–55. DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2013.02.010
  6. Dalessandri D, Salgarello S, Dalessandri M, et al. Determinants for success rates of temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics: a meta-analysis (n > 50). Eur J Orthod 2014;36(3):303–313. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjt049
  7. Alharbi F, Almuzian M, Bearn D. Miniscrews failure rate in orthodontics: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod 2018;40(5):519–530. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx093
  8. Jang HW, Kang JK, Lee K, et al. A retrospective study on related factors affecting the survival rate of dental implants. J Adv Prosthodont 2011;3(4):204–215. DOI: 10.4047/jap.2011.3.4.204
  9. Reynders RM, Ladu L, Ronchi L, et al. Insertion torque recordings for the diagnosis of contact between orthodontic mini-implants and dental roots: a systematic review. Syst Rev 2016;5:50. DOI: 10.1186/s13643-016-0227-3
  10. Cunha AC, da Veiga AMA, Masterson D, et al. How do geometry-related parameters influence the clinical performance of orthodontic mini-implants? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017;46(12):1539–1551. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.06.010
  11. Marquezan M, Mattos CT, Sant'Anna EF, et al. Does cortical thickness influence the primary stability of miniscrews?: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Angle Orthod 2014;84(6):1093–1103. DOI: 10.2319/093013-716.1
  12. Liou EJW, Pai BCJ, Lin JCY. Do miniscrews remain stationary under orthodontic forces? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;126(1):42–47. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.06.018
  13. Kuroda S, Yamada K, Deguchi T, et al. Root proximity is a major factor for screw failure in orthodontic anchorage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;131(4):S68–S73. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.06.017
  14. Chang C, Lin W, Chen M, et al. Evaluation of total bone and cortical bone thickness of the palate for temporary anchorage device insertion. J Dent Sci 2021;16(2):636–642. DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.09.016
  15. Graf S, Vasudavan S, Wilmes B. CAD-CAM design and 3-dimensional printing of mini-implant retained orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018;154(6):877–882. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.07.013
  16. Kiatkroekkrai P, Takolpuckdee C, Subbalekha K, et al. Accuracy of implant position when placed using static computer-assisted implant surgical guides manufactured with two different optical scanning techniques: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020;49(3):377–383. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.08.019
  17. Villela HM, Filho MV, Valdrighi HC, et al. Evaluation of miniscrew angulation in the posterior maxilla using cone-beam computed tomographic image. Dental Press J Orthod 2018;23(1):46–55. DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.23.1.046-053.oar
  18. Shinohara A, Motoyoshi M, Uchida Y, et al. Root proximity and inclination of orthodontic mini-implants after placement: cone-beam computed tomography evaluation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013;144(1):50–56. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.02.021
  19. Min K, Kim S, Kang K, et al. Root proximity and cortical bone thickness effects on the success rate of orthodontic micro-implants using cone beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod 2012;82(6):1014–1021. DOI: 10.2319/091311-593.1
  20. Ono A, Motoyoshi M, Shimizu N. Cortical bone thickness in the buccal posterior region for orthodontic mini-implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;37(4):334–340. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2008.01.005
  21. Abbas SA, Alhuwaizi AF. Buccal cortical bone thickness in Iraqi Arab adults by cone beam computed tomography for orthodontic mini-implants. J Baghdad Coll Dent 2017;29(1):183–187. DOI: 10.12816/0038674
  22. Meira TM, Tanaka OM, Ronsani MM, et al. Insertion torque, pull-out strength and cortical bone thickness in contact with orthodontic mini-implants at different insertion angles. Eur J Orthod 2013;35(6):766–771. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjs095
  23. Lim J, Lim WH, Chun YS. Quantitative evaluation of cortical bone thickness and root proximity at maxillary interradicular sites for orthodontic mini-implant placement. Clin Anat 2008;21(6):486–491. DOI: 10.1002/ca.20671
  24. Cassetta M, Sofan AA, Altieri F, et al. Evaluation of alveolar cortical bone thickness and density for orthodontic mini-implant placement. J Clin Exp Dent 2013;5(5):e245–e252. DOI: 10.4317/jced.51228
  25. Farnsworth D, Rossouw PE, Ceen RF, et al. Cortical bone thickness at common miniscrew implant placement sites. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;139(4):495–503. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.03.057
  26. Park H, Lee Y, Jeong S, et al. Density of the alveolar and basal bones of the maxilla and the mandible. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;133(1):30–37. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.01.044
  27. Watanabe H, Deguchi T, Hasegawa M, et al. Orthodontic miniscrew failure rate and root proximity, insertion angle, bone contact length, and bone density. Orthod Craniofac Res 2013;16(1):44–55. DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12003
  28. Jung Y, Kim S, Kang K, et al. Placement angle effects on the success rate of orthodontic microimplants and other factors with cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013;143(2):173–181. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.09.011
  29. Kniha K, Brandt M, Bock A, et al. Accuracy of fully guided orthodontic mini-implant placement evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography: a study involving human cadaver heads. Clin Oral Investig 2021;25(3):1299–1306. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03436-9
  30. Draenert FG, Coppenrath E, Herzog P, et al. Beam hardening artefacts occur in dental implant scans with the NewTom cone beam CT but not with the dental 4-row multidetector CT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2007;36(4):198–203. DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/32579161
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.