World Journal of Dentistry

Register      Login

SEARCH WITHIN CONTENT

FIND ARTICLE

Volume / Issue

Online First

Archive
Volume  15 (2024)
Volume  14 (2023)
Volume  13 (2022)
Volume  12 (2021)
Volume  11 (2020)
Volume  10 (2019)
Volume  9 (2018)
Volume  8 (2017)
Volume  7 (2016)
Volume  6 (2015)
Volume  5 (2014)
Volume  4 (2013)
Volume  3 (2012)
Volume  2 (2011)
Volume  1 (2010)
Related articles

VOLUME 13 , ISSUE 4 ( July-August, 2022 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Correlation between Early Childhood Caries and Maternal Oral Hygiene Status: A Cross-sectional Study in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India

Mahali Sai Divya, Saraswati Srikanth Raju, Pallamala Gowtham

Keywords : Children, Early childhood caries, Maternal oral hygiene

Citation Information : Divya MS, Raju SS, Gowtham P. Correlation between Early Childhood Caries and Maternal Oral Hygiene Status: A Cross-sectional Study in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. World J Dent 2022; 13 (4):336-340.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2054

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 18-06-2022

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim: This study was undertaken to evaluate the extent of influence maternal oral hygiene status exert on ECC below 6-year-old children. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in a random sample of 140 mother child pairs. A single calibrated examiner performed all clinical examinations under natural light using a mouth mirror and probe. Data such as the prevalence of caries in children, dental caries of the mothers was measured using DMFT index, plaque index (PI), and oral hygiene index (OHI) was obtained. The data was then tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: Out of the 140 samples, 103 (73.57%) children had ECC of which 5–6 year children were more prevalent (84%). The association between ECC and mother's DMFT was significant (p = 0.0024). The correlation between ECC and mother's PI was significant (p = 0.0156). Conclusion: Maternal factors such as maternal dental caries and maternal oral hygiene status are important risk factors significantly associated with early childhood caries (ECC) in children. Clinicians should consider dental caries in the mother as a risk indicator for caries activity in children. Clinical significance: Mother needs to be counseled regarding their oral hygiene maintenance, which ultimately helps to prevent ECC at the primordial level.

HTML PDF Share
  1. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Definition of early childhood caries (ECC). Pediatr Dent 2008;25:15.
  2. Retnakumari N, Cyriac G. Childhood caries as influenced by maternal and child characteristics in pre-school children of Kerala-an epidemiological study. Contemp Clin Dent 2012;3(1):2–8. DOI: 10.4103/0976-237X.94538
  3. Vadiakas G. Case definition, aetiology and risk assessment of early childhood caries (ECC): a revisited review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2008;9(3):115–125 DOI: 10.1007/BF03262622
  4. Alaluusua S, Renkonen OV. Streptococcus mutans establishment and dental caries experience in children 2 to 4 years old. Stand J Dent Res 1983;91(6):453–457. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1983.tb00845.x
  5. Petersen PE, Estupinan-Day S, Ndiaye C. WHO's action for continuous improvement in oral health. Bull World Health Organ 2005;83(9):642.
  6. Acs G, Lodolini G, Kaminsky S, et al. Effect of nursing caries on body weight in a pediatric population. Pediatr Dent 1992;14(5):302–305.
  7. Acs G, Shulman R, Ng MW, et al. The effect of dental rehabilitation on the body weight of children with early childhood caries. Pediatr Dent 1999;21(2):109–113.
  8. Acs G, Lodolini G, Shulman R, et al. The effect of dental rehabilitation on the body weight of children with failure to thrive: case reports. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1998;19(2):164–168. 70–1.
  9. Keyes PH. The infectious and transmissible nature of experimental dental caries; findings and implications. Arch Oral Kiol 1960;1:304–320. DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(60)90091-1
  10. Ringelberg ML, Matonski GM, Kimball AW. Dental caries experience in three generations of families. J Public Health Dent 1974;34(3):174–180. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1974.tb04000.x
  11. Thitasomakul S, Piwat S, Thearmontree A, et al. Risks for early childhood caries analyzed by negative binomial models. J Dent Res 2009;88(2):137–141. DOI: 10.1177/0022034508328629
  12. Dye BA, Vargas CM, Lee JJ, et al. Assessing the relationship between children's oral health status and that of their mothers. J Am Dent Assoc 2011;142(2):173–183 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2011.0061
  13. Sasahara H, Kawamura M, Kawabata K, et al. Relationship between mothers’ gingival condition and caries experience of their 3-year-old children. Int J Paediatric Dent 1998;8(4):261–267. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-263x.1998.00091.x
  14. Weintraub JA, Prakash P, Shain SG, et al. Mothers’ caries increases odds of children's caries. J Dent Res 2010;89(9):954–958. DOI: 10.1177/0022034510372891
  15. Shearer DM, Thomson WM, Caspi A, et al. Family history and oral health: finding from the Dunedin study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012;40(2):105–115. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00641.x
  16. Ersin NK, Eronat N, Cogula D, et al. Association of maternal-child characteristics as a factor in early childhood caries and salivary bacterial counts. J Dent Child 2006;73(2):105–111.
  17. De Souza Pd, Mello Proenca MA, Franco MM, et al. Association between early childhood caries (ECC) and maternal caries status: a cross-sectional study in Sao Luis, Maranhao, Brazil. Eur J Dent 2015;9(1):122–126. DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.149659
  18. Damle SG, Yadav R, Garg S, et al. Transmission of mutans streptococci in mother-child pairs. Indian J Med Res 2016;144(2):264–270. DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.195042
  19. Rosenblatt A, Zarzar P. Breast-feeding and early childhood caries: an assessment among Brazilian infants. Int J Paediatr Dent 2004;14(6):439–445. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2004.00569.x
  20. Caufield PW, Cutter GR, Dasanayake AP. Initial acquisition of mutans streptococci by infants: Evidence for a discrete window of infectivity. J Dent Res 1993;72(1):37–45. DOI: 10.1177/00220345930720010501
  21. Wan AK, Seow WK, Purdie DM, et al. Oral colonization of Streptococcus mutans in six-month-old predentate infants. J Dent Res 2001;80(12):2060–2065. DOI: 10.1177/00220345010800120701
  22. Ferreira SH, Béria JU, Kramer PF, et al. Dental caries in 0- to 5-year-old Brazilian children: prevalence, severity and associated factors. Int J Paediatr Dent 2007; 17(4):289–296. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2007.00831.x
  23. Nahed AA, Abu Hamila. Early Childhood Caries and Certain Risk Factors in a Sample of Children 1–3.5 Years in Tanta. Dentistry. 2013;4:180
  24. Folayan MO, Kolawole KA, Oziegbe EO, et al. Prevalence and early childhood caries risk indicators in preschool children in suburban Nigeria. BMC Oral Health 2015;15:72. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0058-y
  25. Bhat SS, Hedge S, Bhat V, et al. Assessment of maternal risk factors and its relationship with early childhood caries among preschool children in Manguluru city. J Indian Soc Prev Dent 2017;35: 193–197. DOI: 10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_187_16
  26. Iida H, Auinger P, Billings RJ, et al. Association between infant breastfeeding and early childhood caries in the United States. Pediatrics 2007;120(4);e944–e952. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-0124
  27. Niji R, Arita K, Abe Y, et al. Maternal age at birth and other risk in early childhood caries. Pediatr Dent 2010;32(7):493–498.
  28. Smith RE, Badner VM, Morse DE, et al. Maternal risk indicators for childhood caries in an inner city population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2002;30(3):176–181. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.300303.x
  29. Turnon BT, Durward C, Manton DJ, et al. Early childhood caries and maternal caries experience in a convenience sample of Cambodian pre-schoolers. Pediatr Dent J 2015;25(1):14–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2015.02.001
  30. Bhardwaj SV, Bhardwaj A. Early childhood caries and its correlation with maternal educational level and socio-economic status. J Orofac Sci 2014;6(1):53–57. DOI: 10.4103/0975-8844.132582
  31. Soyolmaa M, Munguntsetseg L, Sharkhuu M, et al. PCR detection of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in plaque samples from Mongolian mother-child pairs. Pediatr Dent 2011; 21(2):154–159.
  32. Kawashita Y, Fukuda H, Kawasaki K, et al. Dental caries in 3-year-old children is associated more with child rearing behaviors than mother-Related health behaviors. J Public Health Dent 2009;69(2):104–110. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2008.00107.x
  33. Hallett KB, O'Rourke PK. Social and behavioral determinants of early childhood caries. Aust Dent J 2003;48(1):27–33. DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2003.tb00005.x
  34. Kinirons M, McCabe M. Familial and maternal factors affecting the dental health and dental attendance of preschool children. Community Dent Health 1995;12(4):226–229
  35. Seow WK. Environmental, maternal, and child factors which contribute to early childhood caries: a unifying conceptual model. Int J Paediatr Dent 2012;22(3):157–168. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2011.01186.x
  36. Pinto Gdos S, Hartwig AD, Elias R, et al. Maternal care influence on children's caries prevalence in southern Brazil. Braz Oral Res 2016;30(1):S1806-83242016000100262. DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2016.vol30.0070
  37. Pattanaporn K, Saraithong P, Khongkhunthian S, et al. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2015;41(3):212–223. DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12013
  38. Lif Holgerson P, Harnevik L, Harnello O, et al. Mode of birth delivery affects oral microbiota in infants. J Dent Res 2011;90(10):1183–1188. DOI: 10.1177/0022034511418973
  39. Nelun Barfod M, Magnusson K, Lexner MO, et al. Oral microflora in infants delivered vaginally and by caesarean section. Int J Paediatr Dent 2011;21(2):401–406. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2011.01136.x
  40. Poureslami H, ShafeiBafti L, Hashemi Z, et al. Comparison of occurrence of early childhood caries in two groups of children delivered by cesarean section and normal birth: a longitudinal study. J Compr Ped 2013;4(1):77–81. DOI: 10.17795/compreped-3803
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.