Citation Information :
Rosanto YB, Hasan CY, R, Surya A. The Potential of Snail (Achatina Fulica) Mucus Gel as a Phythopharmaca to Accelerate the Inflammation Process during Wound Healing. World J Dent 2022; 13 (3):224-227.
Aim: To determine the potential of snail (Achatina fulica) mucus gel as a phytopharmaca material to accelerate the inflammatory process during wound healing
Materials and methods: Snail mucus gel was mixed with 3% CMC-Na to concentrations of 0% (control), 24%, 48%, and 96% snail mucus. Four 5-mm diameter punch biopsy excision wounds were made on the back skin of Wistar rats (n = 6). The snail mucus gel was applied to the back wounds of the mice. The mice were euthanized on days 2, 4, and 7 and hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the skin wound area were prepared. The number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the dermis was observed during wound healing using a binocular microscope (400x).
Results: A significant difference in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (p = 0.000) was observed. The increase in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes peaked on day 4 in response to the 48% and 96% snail mucus gel concentrations. The 96% snail mucus gel had significantly more polymorphonuclear leukocytes than those in the other concentrations according to Tukey's test.
Conclusion: Snail mucus accelerated the inflammatory process during wound healing.
Clinical significance: Snail mucus is a potential material to be developed into a drug to accelerate wound healing. The toxicity, biocompatibility, and stability of the 96% snail mucus gel must be tested to produce a useful phytopharmaca product.
Mescher AL, Neff AW, King MW. The relationship between inflammation and regeneration in larval Xenopus limbs. FASEB J 2011. 25,S1.
Parham P. Immunogenetics of killer cell immunoglobulin–like receptors. Mol Immunol 2005;42(4):459–462. DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.07.027
Jeong J, Toida T, Muneta Y, et al. Localization and characterization of acharan sulfate in the body of the giant African snail Achatina fulica. Comp Biochem Physiol Biochem Mol Biol 2001;130(4):513–519. DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(01)00468-7
Vieira TC, Costa-Filho A, Salgado NC, et al. Acharan sulfate, the new glycosaminoglycan from Achatina fulica Bowdich 1822. Structural heterogeneity, metabolic labeling and localization in the body, mucus and the organic shell matrix. Eur J Biochem 2004;271(4):845–854. DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.03989.x
Towheed TE, Maxwell L, Anastassiades TP, et al. Glucosamine therapy for treating osteoarthritis Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;18(2):CD002946. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002946
Sayo T, Sakai S, Inoue S. Synergistic effect of N-acetylglucosamine and retinoids on hyaluronan production in human keratinocytes. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2004;17(2):77–83. DOI: 10.1159/000076017
Kikuchi K, Matahira Y. Oral N-acetylglucosamine supplementation improves skin conditions of female volunteers: clinical evaluation by a microscopic three-dimensional skin surface analyzer.J Appl Cosmetology 2002;20:143–152.
Arifin WN, Zahiruddin WM. Sample size calculation in animal studies using resource equation approach. Malays J Med Sci 2017;24(5):101–105 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.5.11
Dorsett-Martin WA, Wysocki AB. Sourcebook of Models for Biomedical Research. Totowa: PM
Jeschke MG, van Baar ME, Choudhry MA, et al. Burn injuryNat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):11. DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-0145-5
Kim M, Liu W, Borjesson DL, et al. Dynamics of neutrofil infiltration during cutaneous wound healing and infection using fluorescence imaging. J Invest Dermatol 2008;128(7):1812–1820. DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5701223
Sabol F, Dancakova L, Gal P, et al. Immunohistological changes in skin wounds during the early periods of healing in rat model. Vet Med 2012;57(2):77–82. DOI: 10.17221/5253-VETMED
Hanna VS, Hafez EAA. Synopsis of arachidonic acid metabolism: a review. J Adv Res 2018;11:23–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.03.005
Ricciotti E, FitzGerald GA. Prostaglandins and inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011;31(5):986–1000. DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.207449
Kuwano T, Nakao S, Yamamoto H, et al. Cyclooxygenase 2 is a key enzyme for inflammatory cytokine-induced angiogenesis. FASEB J 2004;18(2):300-310. DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-0473com
Harti AS, Murhayati A, Suliesetyawati DS, et al. The effectiveness of snail mucus (achatina fulica) and chitosan toward limfosit proliferation in vitro. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11(15):85-88. DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11s3.30041
Perez WP, Dina F, Iwang Y. Effect of mucus snail (Achatina fulica) against total cells fibroblasts on incision wound healing skin of mice (Mus musculus). J Vet Med Sci Health 2012;4:195–203.
Gubitosa J, Rizzi V, Fini P, et al. Biomolecules from snail mucus (Helix aspersa) conjugated gold nanoparticles, exhibiting potential wound healing and anti–inflammatory activity. Soft Matter 2020;16(48):10876–10888. DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01638a
Santana WA, Melo CM, Cardoso JC, et al. Assessment of antimicrobial activity and healing potential of mucous secretion of achatina fulica. Int J Morphol 2012;30(2):365–373. DOI: 10.4067/S0717-95022012000200001
Gopinath D, Ahmed MR, Gomathi K, et al. Dermal wound healing processes with curcumin incorporated collagen films. Biomaterials 2004;25(10):1911–1917. DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00625-2
Diegelman EV, Evans CS. Official Analytical Chemists. 13th ed. Washington DC: Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2004.
