World Journal of Dentistry

Register      Login

VOLUME 12 , ISSUE 1 ( January-February, 2021 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Research Microscopy-assisted Cytomorphometric Analysis of Oral Exfoliated Cells in Leukoplakia and OSCC: A Comparative Study

Preethi Sharma, Minal Chaudhary, Rajul Ranka

Citation Information : Sharma P, Chaudhary M, Ranka R. Research Microscopy-assisted Cytomorphometric Analysis of Oral Exfoliated Cells in Leukoplakia and OSCC: A Comparative Study. World J Dent 2021; 12 (1):17-21.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1794

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 01-02-2021

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2021; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim: To analyze and compare the cytomorphometric variations of oral exfoliated cells in normal healthy subjects, leukoplakia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using LEICA DMLB2 research microscope. Materials and methods: Papanicolaou staining (PAP) was performed on the oral smears obtained from the study subjects. The study group consisted of normal healthy subjects (group I), leukoplakia (group II), and OSCC (group III). Photomicrographs of randomly selected 100 cells from each smear were captured at 40× magnification using a research microscope to obtain cell diameter (CD), nuclear diameter (ND), cellular area (CA), nuclear area (NA) and, nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the statistical analysis of the values obtained using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison Tukey test. SPSS 22.0 version and GraphPad Prism 7.0 version software were used in the analysis, and the level of significance p < 0.05 was considered. Results: The results of this study demonstrated a statistically significant increase in ND, NA with a decrease in CD, CA, and altered N/C ratio in leukoplakia and OSCC when compared to normal healthy subjects. Conclusion: Oral exfoliative cytology using a commercially available toothbrush is a simple, non-invasive, relatively quick, and inexpensive technique that could be used in the screening of suspicious oral potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) and OSCC. Quantitative parameters, such as, morphometry, are reproducible and eliminate the observer bias as it is obtained by software analysis and hence improves the accurateness in the diagnosis. Clinical significance: Brush biopsy can also be used in any setup as well as a mass screening of dysplasias, PMDs, and early carcinomas in countries like India which holds the major core of the disease constraint.


HTML PDF Share
  1. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55(2):74–108. DOI: 10.3322/canjclin.55.2.74.
  2. Mehrotra R, Singh M, Kumar D, et al. Age specific incidence rate and pathological spectrum of oral cancer in Allahabad. Ind J Med Sci 2003;57:400–404.
  3. Prasad LK. Burden of oral cancer: an Indian scenario. J Orofac Sci 2014;6(2):77. DOI: 10.4103/0975-8844.143043.
  4. Khandelwal S, Solomon MC. Cytomorphological analysis of keratinocytes in oral smears from tobacco users and oral squamous cell carcinoma lesions. A histochemical approach. Int J Oral Sci 2010;2(1):45–52. DOI: 10.4248/IJOS10011.
  5. Chitturi RT, Devy AS, Nirmal RM, et al. Oral lichen planus: a review of etiopathogenesis, clinical, histological and treatment aspects. J Interdiscipl Med Dent Sci 2014;2(05):142. DOI: 10.4172/2376-032X.1000142.
  6. Chitturi RT, Kumar VA, Naik P, et al. Oral submucous fibrosis – an Indian perspective. Research 2014;1:702. DOI: 10.13070/rs.en.1.702.
  7. Chitturi R, Sindhuja P, Parameswar R, et al. A clinical study on oral lichen planus with special emphasis on hyperpigmentation. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2015;7:S495–S498. DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.163513.
  8. Winn DM. Tobacco use and oral disease. J Dent Educ 2001;65(4):306–312. DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2001.65.4.tb03400.x.
  9. Sivapathasundharam B, Kalasagar M. Yet another article on exfoliative cytology. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2004. 54–57.
  10. Weigum SE, Floriano PN, Redding SW, et al. Nano-bio-chip sensor platform for examination of oral exfoliative cytology. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010;3(4):518–528. DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0139.
  11. Goregen M, Akgul HM, Gundogdu C. The cytomorphological analysis of buccal mucosa cells in smokers. Turk J Med Sci 2011;41:205–210.
  12. Cowpe JG, Longmore RB, Green MW. Quantitative exfoliative cytology of abnormal oral mucosal smears. J R Soc Med 1988;81(9):509–513. DOI: 10.1177/014107688808100905.
  13. Ogden GR, Cowpe JG, Green MW. Quantitative exfoliative cytology of normal buccal mucosa: effect of smoking. J Oral Pathol Med 1990;19(2):53–55. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1990.tb00795.x.
  14. Ogden GR, Cowpe JG, Green MW. The effect of distant malignancy upon quantitative cytologic assessment of normal oral mucosa. Cancer 1990;65(3):477–480. DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19900201)65:3<477::AID-CNCR2820650317>3.0.CO;2-G.
  15. Diniz-Freitas M, Garcia-Garcia A, Crespo-Abelleira A, et al. Applications of exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of oral cancer. Med Oral 2004;9:355–361.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.