Aim: While dental caries and periodontal disease are the most prominent oral diseases, other oral conditions have not been adequately investigated. This study was undertaken to assess and compare prevalence of extraoral and oral mucosal lesions, temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), and traumatic dental injuries among children enrolled in high schools in Mangaluru taluk. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,340 children selected through stratified cluster sampling from government and private high schools in urban and rural areas. A pro forma was prepared to record demographic data, and oral findings according to the World Health Organization criteria. Data were analyzed using Chi-squared test and t-test with a p value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Prevalence of extraoral lesions was found to be 0.2%. The prevalence of TMD symptoms and TMD signs was 2.4% and 2.5%, respectively. The presence of TMD symptoms and TMD signs was significantly higher among females, children belonging to rural areas, and among private schoolchildren. The oral lesions found were traumatic ulcerations (in 0.8% study participants), the majority of which affected children attending urban schools. The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries was 6.7%, and it was significantly higher among males. Maxillary incisors were the most affected teeth. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of the oral conditions was low, their presence indicates a need for early identification of those affected so that the treatment can be expedited and the severity of the condition can be limited. Clinical significance: Data on prevalence and severity recorded according to standardized criteria are a prerequisite for effective interception of oral conditions such as oral mucosal lesions, TMDs, and dentofacial injuries. This survey will provide data on children from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds and facilitate prioritizing of treatment services to the most deserving.