Prevalence and Severity of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders among Populations in Najran Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Metaib A Aldhalai, Yahia AS Alyami, Yousef MB Al Haider, Mohammed K Aldhili, Dhafer AS Alyami, Saleh AS Alyami, Nabiel Alghazali
Citation Information :
Aldhalai MA, Alyami YA, Haider YM, Aldhili MK, Alyami DA, Alyami SA, Alghazali N. Prevalence and Severity of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders among Populations in Najran Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. World J Dent 2017; 8 (2):90-95.
This study assessed the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) in the absence or presence of teeth of participants in Najran region in comparison with other adult participants in other regions with respect to gender differences and age. Furthermore, it investigates the frequency of symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by clinical examination.
Materials and methods
The total number of participants was 318 of both genders randomly selected for this study. The participants were divided into three age groups: 14 to 20, 21 to 40, and ≥41 years. The study was based on Fonseca's Anamnestic Index and its questionnaire, which is composed of 10 questions and classifies the severity of TMD. Clinical examination was performed for the patients to investigate the sign of TMJ dysfunctions. The obtained data were coded and entered into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program for analysis using Chi-square test at significance level of 5%.
Results
The participants with mild TMD dysfunction were 35.5%, whereas 18.6 and 3.5% were classified as moderate and severe TMD dysfunction respectively. The most reported TMD problems were related to poor articulation of teeth (23.9 and 25.5%), followed by frequent headache (15.1 and 33.6%), then grinding of teeth (15.4 and 34.9%) in “Yes” and “sometimes” answers respectively. The highest TMJ disorder was a frequent headache at 55.3%, followed by TMJ clicking at 21.1%. The remaining TMJ dysfunctions ranged between 11 and 13%. There was no significant difference between TMDs and gender (p ≤0.306). However, the severity of TMDs increased with increasing age (p ≤0.001) and was associated with tooth loss (p ≤ 0.000).
Conclusion
The majority of the participants had mild-tomoderate TMDs and they were found among the middle-age group. The severity of TMDs increased with age and was associated with tooth loss. No significant difference between males and females was found. The most reported TMD problems were related to the poor articulation of teeth, frequent headache, and grinding of teeth, while a headache followed by clicking of TMJ was the highest clinical TMJ disorder.
How to cite this article
Aldhalai MA, Alyami YAS, Al Haider YMB, Aldhili MK, Alyami DAS, Alyami SAS, Al-Moaleem MM, Alghazali N. Prevalence and Severity of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders among Populations in Najran Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. World World J Dent 2017;8(2):90-95.
Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction in children and adolescents. Rev Paul Pediatr 2013 Dec;31(4):538-545.
Review of temporomandibular joint pathology. Part I: classification, epidemiology, and risk factors. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2007 Aug;12(4):E292-E298.
Gender difference in prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders: a retrospective study on 243 consecutive patients. Int J Med Sci 2012;9(7):539-544.
Relationship between temporomandibular joint dysfunction and psychological distress among students of Babol University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Iran. J Oral Health Oral Epidemiol 2015;4(2): 94-100.
A 20-year longitudinal study of subjective symptoms of temporomandibular disorders from childhood to adulthood. Acta Odontol Scand 2001 Feb;59(1):40-48.
Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders among Sudanese University Students. JOHH 2016;4:2-5.
Use of the Fonseca's questionnaire to assess the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders in Brazilian dental undergraduates. Braz Dent J 2007;18(2):163-167.
Retrospective study of a series of 203 patients with temporomandibular joint disorders presenting at school of dentistry, university of sulaimani. Eur Sci J 2014 Mar;10(9):216-225.
The role of interprofessional education in the management of temporomandibular and sleep disorders. Cranio 2013 Jul;31(3):159-160.
Examination of a large patient population for the presence of symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders. Cranio 2007 Apr;25(2):114-126.
Clinical signs of temporomandibular disorders and various pain conditions among children 6 to 8 years of age: the PANIC study. J Orofac Pain 2012 Winter;26(1):17-25.
Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction in Turkish children with mixed and permanent dentition. J Oral Rehabil 2001 Mar;28(3):280-285.
Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders. J Oral Rehabil 2004 Apr;31(4):287-292.
Diagnóstico pela anamnese da disfunção craniomandibular. Rev Gaucha Odontol 1994 Feb;42(1):23-24.
Reliability of a questionnaire for diagnosing the severity of temporomandibular disorder. Rev Bras Fisioter 2009;13(1):38-43.
Prevalence of diagnosed temporomandibular disorders among Saudi Arabian children and adolescents. J Headache Pain 2016;17:41
Pain related temporomandibular disorders in adult Saudi Arabians referred for specialized dental treatment. Swedish Dent J 2010;34(3):149-158.
The prevalence and treatment needs of symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders among young adult males. J Oral Rehabil 2003 Sep;30(9):944-950.
Temporomandibular disorders in Saudi females seeking orthodontic treatment. J Oral Rehabil 1999 Sep;26(9):757-762.
Self-reported symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction in a female university student population in Saudi Arabia. J Oral Rehabil 1998 Dec;25(12):946-953.
Prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in a young male Saudi population. J Oral Rehabil 1995 May;22(5):343-347.
Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in a Saudi Arabian population. J Oral Rehabil 1992 Jul;19(4):353-359.
Prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in undergraduate medical students using Fonseca's questionnaire. Pak Oral Dent J 2014;34:3841
Temporomandibular disorders and related factors in a group of Iranian adolescents: a crosssectional survey. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2011 Fall;5(4):123-127.
Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) among university students. Pak Oral Dent J 2015 Sep;35(5):382-385.
Prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in urban and rural children of the hilly northern state, Himachal Pradesh, India: a cross sectional survey. Dent Hypothesis 2013 Jan;4(1):21-25.
Prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders among university students in Riyadh. Saudi Dent J 2015 Jul;27(3):125-130.
The incidence of temporomandibular joint disorders among dental students in Aljouf University, KSA. Int Invest J Med Sci 2015;2:5-11.
Pattern of temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome in a Nigerian population. J Med Invest Pract 2014 Jul;9(3):116-119.
Stomatognathic dysfunctional symptoms in Saudi Arabian adolescents. J Oral Rehabil 1996 Oct;23(10):655-661.
Incidence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in senior dental students in Taiwan. J Oral Rehabil 2002 Dec;29(12):1206-1211.
Symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders and oral parafunctions among Saudi children. J Oral Rehabil 2003 Dec;30(12):1200-1208.
Relationship between premature loss of primary teeth and the development of temporomandibular disorders in children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2000 Mar;10(1):57-62.
Association between temporomandibular disorders and oral parafunction in Saudi children. Odontostomatol Trop 2004 Jun;27(106):9-14.
Classic symptoms in temporomandibular disorder patients: a comparative study. Cranio 2001 Jan;19(1):33-41.
Orofacial pain: a new approach to temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Res 2016 Aug;5(5):184-185.