World Journal of Dentistry

Register      Login

VOLUME 4 , ISSUE 2 ( April-June, 2013 ) > List of Articles

REVIEW ARTICLE

A Review of Hypodontia: Classification, Prevalence, Etiology, Associated Anomalies, Clinical Implications and Treatment Options

Mohammed Ali AlQarni, Rafi A Togoo, Ibrahim AlShahrani

Citation Information : AlQarni MA, Togoo RA, AlShahrani I. A Review of Hypodontia: Classification, Prevalence, Etiology, Associated Anomalies, Clinical Implications and Treatment Options. World J Dent 2013; 4 (2):117-125.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1216

Published Online: 01-12-2014

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2013; The Author(s).


Abstract

How to cite this article

AlShahrani I, Togoo RA, AlQarni MA. A Review of Hypodontia: Classification, Prevalence, Etiology, Associated Anomalies, Clinical Implications and Treatment Options. World J Dent 2013;4(2):117-125.


PDF Share
  1. Hypodontia in the permanent dentition. ASDC J Dent Child 1973;40:115-17.
  2. Dental anomalies of number, form and size: Their prevalence in British schoolchildren. J Int Assoc Dent Child 1974;5:37-53.
  3. Clinician's view of hypodontia. J Am Dent Assoc 1980;101:283-86.
  4. Supernumerary and congenitally absent teeth: A literature review. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1996;20:87-95.
  5. Hypodontia: Etiology, clinical features and management. Quintessence Int 2002;33:294-302.
  6. Tooth dimensions in hypodontia patients, their unaffected relatives and a control group measured by a new image analysis system. Eur J Orthod 2002;24:131-41.
  7. Clinical features of hypodontia and associated dental anomalies: A retrospective study. Oral Dis 2005;11:399-404.
  8. A review of hypodontia: The possible etiologies and orthodontic, surgical and restorative treatment options conventional and futuristic. Hong Kong Dent J 2007;4:113-21.
  9. Investigating the etiology of multiple tooth agenesis in three sisters with severe oligodontia. Orthod Craniofac Res 2008;11:24-31.
  10. Tooth dimensions in hypodontia with a known PAX9 mutation. Arch Oral Biol 2009;54:S57-S62.
  11. Tooth size patterns in patients with hypodontia and supernumerary teeth. Arch Oral Biol 2009;54:S63-S70.
  12. Hypodontia: Genetics and future perspectives. Braz J Oral Sci 2005;4:695-706.
  13. The management of patients with severe hypodontia. J Oral Rehabil 1980;7:289-98.
  14. The genetics of human tooth agenesis: New discoveries for understanding dental anomalies. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2000;117:650-56.
  15. Dental agenesis: Genetic and clinical perspectives. J Oral Pathol Med 2009;38:1-17.
  16. Distribution of missing teeth and tooth morphology in patients with oligodontia. ASDC J Dent Child 1992;59:133-40.
  17. Hypodontia: 1. Clinical features and the management of mild to moderate hypodontia. Dent Update 1994;21:381-84.
  18. Tooth size in relatives of individuals with oligodontia. Arch Oral Biol 1996;41:469-72.
  19. Further studies of a model for the etiology of anomalies of tooth number and size in humans. Connect Tissue Res 2002;43:289-95.
  20. Novel mutation in the paired box sequence of PAX9 gene in a sporadic form of oligodontia. Eur J Oral Sci 2003;111:272-76.
  21. The interdisciplinary management of hypodontia: Background and role of paediatric dentistry. Br Dent J 2003;194:245-51.
  22. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of dental agenesis of permanent teeth. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004;32:217-26.
  23. Familial human hypodontia—is it all in the genes? Br Dent J 2007; 203:203-08.
  24. Classification and genetics of numeric anomalies of dentition. Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser 1983;19:95
  25. Tooth formation in patients with oligodontia. Angle Orthod 1993;63:31-37.
  26. A unifying aetiological explanation for anomalies of human tooth number and size. Arch Oral Biol 1984;29: 373-78.
  27. Hypodontia: A team approach to management (1st ed). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell 2011.
  28. Characteristics of incisor-premolar hypodontia in families. J Dent Res 2001;80:1445-50.
  29. Severe hypodontia: Identifying patterns of human tooth agenesis. Eur J Orthod 2011;33:150
  30. Comparison of the pattern of agenesis in the primary and permanent dentitions in a population characterized by agenesis in the primary dentition. Int J Paediatr Dent 1997;7:143-48.
  31. Hypodontia of primary and permanent teeth in a sample of Saudi children. Egypt Dent J 1994;40:625-32.
  32. Hypodontia—a retrospective review of prevalence and etiology. Part I. Quintessence Int 2005;36:263-70.
  33. Prevalence and genetic basis of tooth agenesis. Jpn Dent Sci Rev 2009;45:52-58.
  34. Genetic variation and tooth development. Br Med Bull 1975;31:107-10.
  35. Agenesis of mandibular second premolars with retained primary molars: A longitudinal radiographic study of 99 subjects from 12 years of age to adulthood. Eur J Orthod 2008;30:254-61.
  36. Hypodontia: An epidemiologic study of American black and white people. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;134:761-67.
  37. Prevalence and distribution of selected developmental dental anomalies in an Indian population. J Oral Sci 2011;53:231-38.
  38. Frequency and characteristics of tooth agenesis among an orthodontic patient population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2010;15:e797-801.
  39. Prevalence of hypodontia in orthodontic patients in Brasilia, Brazil. Eur J Orthod 2010;32:302
  40. Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in pretreatment orthodontic Thai patients. Khon Kaen Univ Dent J 2011;13:92-100.
  41. Has hypodontia increased in Caucasians during the 20th century? A metaanalysis. Eur J Orthod 2004;26:99-103.
  42. Bilateral asymmetry of tooth formation is elevated in children with simple hypodontia. Arch Oral Biol 2011;56:687-94.
  43. Tooth agenesis in patients referred to an Irish tertiary care clinic for the developmental dental disorders. J Ir Dent Assoc 2009;56:23-27.
  44. Panoramic radiographic survey of hypodontia in Australian Defence Force recruits. Aust Dent J 1990;35:19-22.
  45. Tooth size in individuals with congenitally missing teeth: A study of Japanese males. Anthropol Sci 2010;100:87-93.
  46. Hypodontia and hyperdontia of permanent teeth in Hong Kong school children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1987;15:218-20.
  47. Hypodontia in the permanent dentition. A clinical and genetic investigation. Odontol Revy 1956;7:1-100.
  48. Replacement of missing mandibular lateral incisors with a single pontic all-ceramic prosthesis: A case report. Prac Periodont Aesthet Dent 1997;9:455
  49. Third molars: A dilemma! Or is it? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;115:628-33.
  50. Dental variation among populations. An anthropologic view. Dent Clin North Am 1975;19:125-39.
  51. A numeric code for identifying patterns of human tooth agenesis: A new approach. Eur J Oral Sci 2006;114:97-101.
  52. Hypodontia of the primary and permanent dentition. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1992;16:121-23.
  53. Mutation of PAX9 is associated with oligodontia. Nat Genet 2000;24:18-19.
  54. The aetiology of hypodontia: The prevalence, severity and location of hypodontia within families. Arch Oral Biol 2009;54:S52-S56.
  55. Genetic and environmental influences on human dental variation: A critical evaluation of studies involving twins. Arch Oral Biol 2009;54:S45-S51.
  56. Studies of the mammalian dentition–differentiation of the post canine dentition. Proc Zool Soc Lond B 1939; 109:1-36.
  57. The changing dentition of man. J Am Dent Assoc 1945;32:676-90.
  58. Developmental interaction, size and agenesis among permanent maxillary incisors. Hum Biol 1971;43:36-45.
  59. Morphogenetic gradients: Fields versus clones. Development, function and evolution of teeth. London: Academic Press 1978:171-201.
  60. Homeobox genes and orofacial development. Connect Tissue Res 1995; 32:17-25.
  61. How do genes make teeth to order through development? J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol 2006;306:177-82.
  62. Associations between Carabelli trait and cusp areas in human permanent maxillary first molars. Am J Phys Anthropol 2006;129:196-203.
  63. Variation in the human dentition: Some past advances and future opportunities. J Dent Res 2008;87:802-05.
  64. Identification of a novel mutation in the PAX9 gene in a family affected by oligodontia and other dental anomalies. Eur J Oral Sci 2007;115:427-32.
  65. The genetic basis of inherited anomalies of the teeth. Part 1: Clinical and molecular aspects of nonsyndromic dental disorders. Eur J Med Genet 2008;51:273-91.
  66. The inheritance pattern of missing, PEGshaped, and strongly mesiodistally reduced upper lateral incisors. Acta Odontol Scand 1969;27:563-75.
  67. Genetic basis of tooth development and dental defects. Acta Odontol Scand 2000;58:191-94.
  68. Tooth morphology in rubella syndrome children. ASDC J Dent Child 1975;42:479-82.
  69. Congenital absence of teeth: A review with emphasis on inheritance patterns. J Am Dent Assoc 1978;96: 266-75.
  70. Long-term dental development in children after treatment for malignant disease. Eur J Orthodont 1997;19:151-59.
  71. Mendelian inheritance in man and its online version, OMIM. Am J Hum Genet 2007;80:588-604.
  72. London dysmorphology database version 3.0, Dysmorphology photolibrary on CD-Rom version 3.0. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 2001.
  73. The face in genetic disorders. Saint Louis: Mosby 1970.
  74. Site-specificity of tooth agenesis in subjects with maxillary canine malpositions. Angle Orthod 1996;66:473-76.
  75. Tooth rotation associated with aplasia of nonadjacent teeth. Angle Orthod 1998;68:471-74.
  76. Concomitant occurrence of canine malposition and tooth agenesis: Evidence of orofacial genetic fields. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;122:657-60.
  77. Increased occurrence of dental anomalies associated with second-premolar agenesis. Angle Orthod 2009;79:436-41.
  78. Agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors and associated dental anomalies. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;137:731-32.
  79. Palatal displacement of canine is genetic and related to congenital absence of teeth. J Dent Res 1996;75:1742-46.
  80. A controlled study of the association of various dental anomalies with hypodontia of permanent teeth. Pediatr Dent 1989;11:291-96.
  81. Taurodontism and length of teeth in patients with oligodontia. J Oral Rehabil 1993;20:401-12.
  82. The gradient and the pattern of crownsize reduction in simple hypodontia. Angle Orthod 1970;40: 51-58.
  83. Short root anomaly in families and its association with other dental anomalies. Eur J Oral Sci 1999;107:97-101.
  84. Analysis of the vertical facial form in patients with severe hypodontia. Am J Phys Anthropol 2000;111:177-84.
  85. On the frequency of the missing and pegshaped maxillary lateral incisor among Finnish students. Am J Phys Anthropol 1956;14:491-96.
  86. Multilevel complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of anomalies of dental development. Arch Oral Biol 2009;54:S3-S17.
  87. Analysis of attrition in adult human molars. J Dent Res 1970;49:822-28.
  88. Agenesis and tooth size in the permanent dentition. Angle Orthod 1971;41:100
  89. Tooth size and tooth formation in children with advanced hypodontia. Angle Orthod 1974;44:316-21.
  90. A principal components analysis of human odontometrics. Am J Phys Anthropol 1988;75:87-99.
  91. Oligodontia in the primary dentition with permanent successors: Report of case. ASDC J Dent Child 1988;55:75-77.
  92. Analysis of crown widths in subjects with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors. Eur J Orthod 2012;34:783-87.
  93. Relationship between bilateral congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors and anterior tooth width. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;139:e229–e233.
  94. Tooth size in patients with supernumerary teeth and a control group measured by image analysis system. Arch Oral Biol 2005;50:243-48.
  95. Multiple crown size variables of the upper incisors in patients with supernumerary teeth compared with controls. Arch Oral Biol 2009;54:S71-S78.
  96. The form of the dentition in partial anodontia. Dental Pract Dent Rec 1970;20:163
  97. Crown size of permanent teeth in Icelanders. Acta Odontol Scand 1983;41:181-86.
  98. Planar Procrustes analysis of tooth shape. Arch Oral Biol 2001;46: 191-99.
  99. Influence of tooth crown size on malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;136:795-804.
  100. Othodontic aspects of dental anthropology. Angle Orthod 1975;45:95
  101. The measurement of tooth morphology: Development and validation of a new image analysis system. Dental morphology. Oulu, Finland: Oulu University Press 1998:380-87.
  102. A multidisciplinary approach for the management of hypodontia: Case report. J Appl Oral Sci 2011;19:544-48.
  103. The interdisciplinary management of hypodontia: Orthodontics. Br Dent J 2003;194:361-66.
  104. Multidisplinary management of hypodontia in adolescents: Case report. J Can Dent Assoc 2006;72:740-46.
  105. Editor's comment and Q&A: Canine substitution for missing maxillary lateral incisors: The influence of canine morphology, size, and shade on perceptions of smile attractiveness. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138:705-07.
  106. Orthodontic treatment for a patient with hypodontia involving the maxillary lateral incisors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;139:690-97.
  107. The interdisciplinary management of hypodontia: Restorative dentistry. Br Dent J 2003;194:299-304.
  108. Interdisciplinary treatment planning for single-tooth restorations in the esthetic zone. J Esthet Restor Dent 2007;19:79-89.
  109. Treatment of severe hypodontia-oligodontia—an interdisciplinary concept. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;36:473-80.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.