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VOLUME 15 , ISSUE 8 ( August, 2024 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Evaluation of Advanced Glycation End Products and Malondialdehyde in Type II Diabetes Patients with and without Periodontitis: A Cross-sectional Study

Bharathi A Kumar, Nina Shenoy, Kolluru S Chandra, Dipanjan Das

Keywords : Chronic periodontitis, Glycemic control, Oxidative stress, Type II diabetes mellitus

Citation Information : Kumar BA, Shenoy N, Chandra KS, Das D. Evaluation of Advanced Glycation End Products and Malondialdehyde in Type II Diabetes Patients with and without Periodontitis: A Cross-sectional Study. World J Dent 2024; 15 (8):721-727.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2481

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 04-12-2024

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim: The present study aimed to compare the serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in type II diabetes patients (T2DM) with and without periodontitis. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 68 patients diagnosed with T2DM divided into two groups, with 34 chronic periodontitis [type II diabetes mellitus with periodontitis (T2DM-P)] and 34 periodontally healthy [type II diabetes mellitus without periodontitis (T2DM-H)], and their periodontal status was assessed. A commercially available ELISA kit was used to estimate serum AGEs levels. Serum MDA levels were determined using TCA–TBA–HCl reagents. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Continuous data were compared between the groups using an unpaired t-test, and categorical data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test. The correlation between variables in both groups was assessed using Pearson's correlation. Results: Periodontal clinical parameters [full mouth plaque score (FMPS), full mouth bleeding score (FMBS), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL)] were significantly higher in the T2DM-P group when compared to the T2DM-H group. T2DM-P patients exhibited a significantly higher level of serum AGEs (p = 0.000) and HbA1c (p = 0.029) when compared to T2DM-H patients. No significant difference was found between the two study groups in terms of serum MDA. In the T2DM-P group, a statistically significant low positive correlation was exhibited by serum AGEs with FMPS (r = 0.440, p = 0.009) and FMBS (r = 0.457, p = 0.007) and HbA1c with CAL (r = 0.346, p = 0.045). HbA1c exhibited a low positive correlation with FMPS (r = 0.495, p = 0.003) and FMBS (r = 0.457, p = 0.007), which was statistically significant in the T2DM-H group. A negligible correlation was found between the other variables. Conclusion: The study concluded that T2DM-P patients exhibited elevated levels of serum AGEs and HbA1c compared to T2DM-H, suggesting a possible relationship between periodontitis and exacerbated chronic inflammation in T2DM. Clinical significance: This study underscores the bidirectional influence of chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus (DM), as evidenced by changes in inflammatory markers and glycemic control. Hence, optimal periodontal health could play a critical role in maintaining glycemic control among DM patients.

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