Aim: The aim of the current investigation was to assess the impact of salivary hydrogen ion concentration (pH) on dental caries index and periodontal status. Materials and methods: After obtaining the subjects’ informed consent, the current cross-sectional study involved a total of 120 participants. Subjects were then divided into three groups of 40 each: group I—clinically healthy gingiva, group II—gingivitis, and group III—periodontitis. The following characteristics were observed during the clinical examination: salivary pH, probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index, gingival index, and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) score. The clinical findings were statistically analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results: In the clinically healthy gingival group, the mean salivary pH was 7.09 ± 0.06, and the mean DMFT score was 7.2 ± 3.12. In the gingivitis group, the mean salivary pH was 7.02 ± 0.09, and the mean DMFT score was 7.9 ± 4.03. In the periodontitis group, the mean salivary pH was 6.87 ± 0.04, and the mean DMFT score was 8.4 ± 3.86. There was no significant difference found between the groups. The salivary pH in the healthy gingiva group was alkaline (7.09 ± 0.06) with a plaque score of 0.44 ± 0.02, compared to the periodontitis group (6.87 ± 0.04) with a plaque score of 2.38 ± 0.22. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups. The probing PD (6.96 ± 0.32) and CAL (7.89 ± 0.28) were observed in the periodontitis group with a salivary pH of 6.87. Conclusion: In conclusion, the DMFT index and salivary pH exhibit a significantly inverse relationship. The group with clinically healthy gingiva showed the least caries experience and better periodontal status, followed by the gingivitis group and then the periodontitis group. Clinical significance: Saliva plays a crucial role in regulating the progression of dental caries and periodontal disease, two of the most common disorders globally. It is a complex fluid that aids in maintaining dental hygiene and microbial flora. Saliva has predictive and diagnostic utility and varies in composition.