Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries among the representative subjects of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and methods: A total of 1,205 samples for dental caries was collected using “WHO Oral Health Assessment Form—1997” among the index age-group of 5, 12, 15, 35–44, and 65–74 years in Tamil Nadu, India, using a multistage random sampling technique. The state of Tamil Nadu was divided into four zones. Two districts were selected from an individual zone. Finally, the samples were collected from urban to rural areas in eight districts of Tamil Nadu from the male and female participants. The statistical test used was Chi-squared test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Software Version 20. Results: The collective prevalence of dental caries among the representative subjects of the state of Tamil Nadu state is 64.8%. The prevalence of dental caries among males were 66.07% and females were 63.53% in Tamil Nadu. The prevalence of dental caries among 5-, 12-, 15-, 35–44-, and 65–74-years age-group in Tamil Nadu were 52.7, 62.66, 64.32, 72.2, and 72.2%, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries in urban and rural areas were 56.59 and 73.39%, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries among the four zones of Tamil Nadu, that is, north zone (77.29%), west zone (55.08%), delta zone (65%), and south zone (62.3%). Conclusion: This study confirms dental caries as a widespread public health concern in the state of Tamil Nadu, India with the high prevalence rate spread over the rural areas and the north zone of the state. Clinical significance: This study provides insights regarding the dental caries prevalence status of the state of Tamil Nadu, India for formulating further longitudinal studies.