World Journal of Dentistry

Register      Login

SEARCH WITHIN CONTENT

FIND ARTICLE

Volume / Issue

Online First

Archive
Volume  15 (2024)
Volume  14 (2023)
Volume  13 (2022)
Volume  12 (2021)
Volume  11 (2020)
Volume  10 (2019)
Volume  9 (2018)
Volume  8 (2017)
Volume  7 (2016)
Volume  6 (2015)
Volume  5 (2014)
Volume  4 (2013)
Volume  3 (2012)
Volume  2 (2011)
Volume  1 (2010)
Related articles

VOLUME 15 , ISSUE 12 ( December, 2024 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Estimation and Comparison of Salivary microRNA-21 Levels in Periodontitis among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nondiabetic Patients: A Comparative Study

Arthy Veerappan, John Baliah, Agieshkumar B Pillai, Jagat Reddy, Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham

Keywords : micro ribonucleic acid, micro ribonucleic acid-21, Periodontitis, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Salivary biomarker, Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Citation Information : Veerappan A, Baliah J, Pillai AB, Reddy J, Thirugnanasambantham K. Estimation and Comparison of Salivary microRNA-21 Levels in Periodontitis among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nondiabetic Patients: A Comparative Study. World J Dent 2024; 15 (12):1050-1054.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2545

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 13-02-2025

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim and background: This study aimed to estimate and compare the salivary micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA)-21 levels in periodontitis among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nondiabetic patients. Materials and methods: The 40 study participants reporting to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology were divided into two groups. Group I comprised T2DM with periodontitis, and group II comprised nondiabetic patients with periodontitis. The unstimulated whole salivary samples were collected from the study participants using the spitting method and stored at –80°C. The relative expression of miRNA-21 was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: An independent “t” test was used to compare the miRNA-21 levels between the two groups. Among the periodontitis patients, a statistically significant (p = 0.002) increase in miRNA-21 expression was observed in T2DM compared to nondiabetic patients. Salivary miRNA-21 expression was 2.0-fold higher in T2DM with periodontitis. In addition, Spearman's correlation revealed a positive correlation of miRNA-21 with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The receiver operating curve (ROC) curve analysis revealed salivary miRNA-21 was the best predictor with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.792 (p = 0.002) with a sensitivity and specificity of 80 and 75%, respectively. Conclusion: In periodontitis, salivary miRNA-21 is upregulated in T2DM compared to nondiabetic patients. Clinical relevance: Salivary miRNA-21 has not been studied for T2DM with periodontitis. Salivary miRNA-21 could be a diagnostic marker for T2DM. In addition, noninvasive salivary miRNA-21 could be an alternative to HbA1c, as there is a positive correlation of miRNA-21 with HbA1c.

PDF Share
  1. Zinman B. The International Diabetes Federation World Diabetes Congress 2015. Eur Endocrinol 2015;11(2):66. DOI: 10.17925/EE.2015.11.02.66
  2. Roep BO, Thomaidou S, van Tienhoven R, et al. Type 1 diabetes mellitus as a disease of the β-cell (do not blame the immune system?). Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021;17(3):150–161. DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00443-4
  3. Paunica I, Giurgiu M, Dumitriu AS, et al. The bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus—a review. Diagnostics 2023;13(4):681. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040681
  4. Fletcher B, Gulanick M, Lamendola C. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2002;16:17–23. DOI: 10.1097/00005082-200201000-00003
  5. Eulalio A, Huntzinger E, Izaurralde E. Getting to the root of miRNA-mediated gene silencing. Cell 2008;132:9–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.12.024
  6. Rotival M, Siddle KJ, Silvert M, et al. Population variation in miRNAs and isomiRs and their impact on human immunity to infection. Genome Biol 2020;21:187. DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02098-w
  7. Gregory RI, Yan KP, Amuthan G, et al. The microprocessor complex mediates the genesis of microRNAs. Nature 2004;432:235–240. DOI: 10.1038/nature03120
  8. Hanson EK, Lubenow H, Ballantyne J. Identification of forensically relevant body fluids using a panel of differentially expressed microRNAs. Anal Biochem 2009;387:303–314. DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.01.037
  9. Cui S, Sun B, Yin X, et al. Time-course responses of circulating microRNAs to three resistance training protocols in healthy young men. Sci Rep 2017;7:2203. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02294-y
  10. Gillespie P, Ladame S, O'Hare D. Molecular methods in electrochemical microRNA detection. Analyst 2019;144:114–129. DOI: 10.1039/C8AN01572D
  11. Fujimori K, Yoneda T, Tomofuji T, et al. Detection of salivary miRNAs reflecting chronic periodontitis: a pilot study. Molecules 2019;24(6):1034. DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061034
  12. Luan X, Zhou X, Naqvi A, et al. MicroRNAs and immunity in periodontal health and disease. Int J Oral Sci 2018;10:24. DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0025-y
  13. Zhou W, Su L, Duan X, et al. MicroRNA-21 down-regulates inflammation and inhibits periodontitis. Mol Immunol 2018;101:608–614. DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.008
  14. Al-Rawi NH, Al-Marzooq F, Al-Nuaimi AS, et al. Salivary microRNA 155, 146a/b and 203: a pilot study for potentially non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers of periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2020;15(8):e0237004. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237004
  15. Ongoz Dede F, Gokmenoglu C, Turkmen E, et al. Six miRNA expressions in the saliva of smokers and non-smokers with periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 2023;58(1):195–203. DOI: 10.1111/jre.13081
  16. Bergstrom J. Tobacco smoking and chronic destructive periodontal disease. Odontology 2004;92(1):1–8. DOI: 10.1007/s10266-004-0043-4
  17. Hillman JD, Socransky SS, Shivers M. The relationships between streptococcal species and periodontopathic bacteria in human dental plaque. Arch Oral Biol 1985;30:791–795. DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(85)90133-5
  18. Douglass CW. Risk assessment and management of periodontal disease. J Am Dent Assoc 2006;137(Suppl):27S–32S. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2006.0410
  19. Radovic N, Nikolic JN, Petrovic N, et al. MicroRNA-146a and microRNA-155 as novel crevicular fluid biomarkers for periodontitis in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Periodontol 2018;45:663–671. DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12888
  20. Patil PB, Patil BR. Saliva: a diagnostic biomarker of periodontal diseases. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2011;15(4):310–317. DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.92560
  21. Liu L, Xiao Z, Ding W, et al. Relationship between microRNA expression and inflammatory factors in patients with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. Am J Transl Res 2022;14(9):6627–6637. PMID: 36247296.
  22. Liu R, Liu C, He X, et al. MicroRNA-21 promotes pancreatic β cell function through modulating glucose uptake. Nat Commun 2022;13(1):3545. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31317-0
  23. Yazdanpanah Z, Kazemipour N, Kalantar SM, et al. Plasma miR-21 as a potential predictor in prediabetic individuals with a positive family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Physiol Rep 2022;10(2):e15163. DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15163
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.