Evaluation of the Effect of Bioactive Varnish Application on the Marginal Micro Gap of Class II Composite Restoration: SEM Analysis
Girija S Sajjan, Bagu V Sindhuja, V K Madhu, Naveena Ponnada, Manishaa Bondada, Durga P Naik
Keywords :
Bio-active varnish, Bulk fill composite, Class II restorations, Composite surface sealer, In vitro study, Marginal micro gap, Scanning electron microscope
Citation Information :
Sajjan GS, Sindhuja BV, Madhu VK, Ponnada N, Bondada M, Naik DP. Evaluation of the Effect of Bioactive Varnish Application on the Marginal Micro Gap of Class II Composite Restoration: SEM Analysis. World J Dent 2023; 14 (9):772-776.
Aim: This research aimed to evaluate the marginal micro gap of class II composite resin restorations sealed with bioactive calcium (Ca) phosphate (P)—based fluoride (F) varnish using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 200× magnification.
Materials and methods: Box-only cavities were prepared in 24 samples and restored with prewarmed bulk-fill composite. Samples in the control group (n = 12) were left intact as a conventional restorative protocol. Cavosurface margins of restorations in the test group (n = 12) were sealed with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) varnish (MI varnish, GC America). After the thermocycling procedure for 500 cycles, samples were stored in artificial saliva for 30 days. Then washed samples were dried and sectioned mesiodistally and observed under SEM at 200× for marginal micro gap and mineral deposition along the cavosurface margin with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Samples were scored according to Blunck and Zaslansky's criteria. Results were statistically analyzed with a Fisher's exact test and Mann–Whitney U test.
Results: Fisher's exact test showed a significant difference between the control group and test group between the buccal wall (p = 0.02), base (gingival wall) (p = 0.05), and palatal wall (p = 0.02) for the marginal micro gap. The mean Ca/P ratios of the CPP-ACPF varnish group, that is, the test group were higher than the control group, without statistically significant differences regarding the mineral analysis.
Conclusion: The test group with CPP-ACPF application showed a lesser marginal micro gap with statistically significant results than the control group.
Clinical significance: The application of bioactive varnish along the cavosurface margins reduces the marginal micro gap. This might prevent postoperative sensitivity and secondary caries leading to long-term clinical success.
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