World Journal of Dentistry

Register      Login

VOLUME 14 , ISSUE 9 ( September, 2023 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Correlation of the Senile Changes of Tragus and Its Reliability in Anthropometric Measurements

Manoj Shetty, Nivya John, Divyesh Mehta, Shrimaa B Kateel, Varsha Rajeev

Keywords : Anthropometric measurements, Complete denture, Reference planes, Tragus forms

Citation Information : Shetty M, John N, Mehta D, Kateel SB, Rajeev V. Correlation of the Senile Changes of Tragus and Its Reliability in Anthropometric Measurements. World J Dent 2023; 14 (9):755-760.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2303

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 13-10-2023

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2023; The Author(s).


Abstract

Background: In dentistry, anthropometric measurements of the face are commonly used for the oral rehabilitation process, with the belief that these structures are constant. However, if with age, there are morphological changes, then these may not be valid landmarks. The human tragus is one such landmark which is extensively used by dentists to locate the occlusal plane, draw the eye–ear reference plane, and mark the arbitrary hinge axis point. It was concluded in a study by Tan et al. in 1997 that anatomical variables of the ear, especially the ear circumference, had a higher correlation with age except the tragus. Thus, in prosthodontia, tragus has been a valuable asset. Aim: To assess the age changes in the tragus and the reliability of its use in anthropometric measurements in prosthodontia. Materials and methods: A total of 100 subjects were selected from the age-group of 50–80 years of age. The ear and tragus, in particular, were traced by a single operator using a transparent sheet stabilized with a holder. The shape of the tragus was drawn from the crus of the helix, passing through the superior border, middle portion, and inferior border to terminate at the lower border of the antihelix up to the antitragus. The tragus forms were then grouped as rudimentary, rounded, pointed, and notched. The superior border of the tragus was also traced and grouped into ill-defined, rounded, or notched. Results: Among the subjects from the Dakshin Kannada population, a significant difference was seen between the right and left side tragus forms in males, whereas in females, no such difference was seen. Nearly all the subjects showed senile changes in the tragus. The effects of senility on the tragus shape were seen more in males than females. Conclusion: The tragus form and shape may change with age; thus, additional reference planes must be evaluated before the construction of the denture. Clinical significance: The ala-tragal line is most important during the maxillomandibular relations. So, the operator has to be cautious while using the tragal line, especially in patients with long-standing edentulousness.


HTML PDF Share
  1. Tan R, Osman V, Tan G. Ear size as a predictor of chronological age. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1997;25(2):187–191. DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4943(97)00010-1
  2. Chiu C, Moss CF. The role of the external ear in vertical sound localization in the free flying bat, Eptesicus fuscus. J Acoust Soc Am 2007;121(4):2227–2235. DOI: 10.1121/1.2434760
  3. Fuchs JC, Tucker AS. Development and integration of the ear. Curr Top Dev Biol 2015;115:213–232. DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.07.007
  4. Müller R. A numerical study of the role of the tragus in the big brown bat. J Acoust Soc Am 2004;116(6):3701–3712. DOI: 10.1121/1.1815133
  5. Hartono R. The occlusal plane in relation to facial types. J Prosthet Dent 1967;17(6):549–558. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(67)90124-2
  6. Swenson G.M. Complete dentures, 4th edition, Mosby.1959
  7. Walter Graham, Scott-Brown undefined. Scott-Brown's Otolaryngology: Basic sciences. 1997.
  8. Winkler S. Essentials of complete denture prosthodontics. Delhi: Aitbs Publishers; 2015.
  9. Rahn AO, Ivanhoe JR, Plummer KD. Textbook of complete dentures. Shelton, Conn: People's Medical Publishing House; 2009.
  10. Lammie GA, Laird WRE. Partial. Denture, 5th edition. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1986.
  11. Thorp ER, Smith DE, Nicholls JI. Evaluation of the use of a face-bow in complete denture occlusion. J Prosthet Dent 1978;39(1):5–15. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(78)80039-0
  12. Bhawsar SV, Marathe AS, Ansari SA. Evaluation of Hanau's formula in determination of lateral condylar guidance: a clinical research study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2015;15(4):326–330. DOI: 10.4103/0972-4052.161566
  13. Shillingburg undefined, Herbert T. Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. Chicago: Quintessence Pub. Co; 1997.
  14. Weinberg LA. An evaluation of the face-bow mounting. 1961;11(1):32–42. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(61)90107-x
  15. Krishan K, Kanchan T, Thakur S. A study of morphological variations of the human ear for its applications in personal identification. Egypt J Foren Sci 2019;9(1):1–11. DOI: 10.1186/s41935-019-0111-0
  16. Shaikh SA, K L, Mathur G. Relationship between occlusal plane and three levels of ala-tragus line in dentulous and partially dentulous patients in different age groups: a pilot study. J Clin Diagn Res 2015;9(2):ZC39–ZC42. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/11820.5575
  17. Shafiullah RS, Ravichandran M, Sundar MK, et al. Posterior reference points: a simplified classification. J Sci Dent 2019;9(1):9–12. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10083-0913
  18. Arefi R, Namazi MH, Safi M, et al. Value of transverse groove on the earlobe and hair growth on the ear to predict the risk for coronary artery disease and its severity among Iranian population, in Tehran city. Galen Med J 2020;9:e1443. DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1443
  19. Suen LKP, Yeh CH, Yeung SKW, et al. Association between auricular signals and the risk factors of metabolic syndrome. Medicines (Basel) 2017;4(3):45. DOI: 10.3390/medicines4030045
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.