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VOLUME 14 , ISSUE 4 ( April, 2023 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Comparative Evaluation of Gingival Biotype and Recession in Smokers and Nonsmokers

Dipanjan Das, Nina Shenoy

Keywords : Colored periodontal probe, Gingival biotype, Gingival recession, Smokers

Citation Information : Das D, Shenoy N. Comparative Evaluation of Gingival Biotype and Recession in Smokers and Nonsmokers. World J Dent 2023; 14 (4):359-365.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2215

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 02-06-2023

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2023; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare and determine the association between gingival biotype [gingival thickness (GT)] and recession in smokers and nonsmokers. Materials and methods: A total of 64 systemically healthy nonperiodontitis subjects aged between 20 and 35 years with gingival recession (GR) were included in this cross-sectional study and divided into two groups—smokers and nonsmokers as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for cigarette smoking. GT was assessed in the maxillary and mandibular teeth (premolar to premolar) using a colored periodontal probe (CPP) for the probe transparency method. Results were then subjected to statistical analysis. The Chi-squared test was used to assess the association between the habit of smoking and the gingival biotype and determine the association between the gingival biotype and GR. Mann–Whitney U test was used to determine the difference in quantitative data between smokers and nonsmokers. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Around 40.6% of smokers had thin gingival biotypes, 34.4% had medium, 15.6% had very thick, and 9.4% had thick biotypes. In the nonsmoking group, 40.6% of the nonsmokers (13 out of 32) were reported with medium gingival, 31.3% with thin, and 28.1 % with thick biotypes. A comparison of gingival biotypes in smokers and nonsmokers demonstrated a statistically significant association between the habit of smoking (smokers and nonsmokers) and the gingival biotype (p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in mean GR among smokers (2.34 ± 0.94 mm) and nonsmokers (2.16 ± 1.08 mm) [(p > 0.05)]. No significant association was found between gingival biotype and GR in both groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Considering the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that there exists a significant association between the habit of smoking and gingival biotypes. However, there was no significant association found between gingival biotypes and GR in both groups. Clinical significance: Assessment of gingival biotypes during routine dental procedures can help to predict how various biotypes would respond and enhance treatment outcomes for the recession in smokers and nonsmokers.

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