Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphological variation in different parts of the mandible in subjects with the orthognathic and retrognathic mandible. Materials and methods: A total of 100 subjects were selected, aged between 18 and 30 years. The subjects were divided into the orthognathic mandible (group I) and the retrognathic mandible (group II) group based on the lateral cephalometric measurements. The mandibular morphology, that is, body, ramus, condyle, chin size, anterior and posterior dental height, and gonial angle (upper and lower gonial angle), were assessed using lateral cephalogram in both group I and group II individuals. Results: Statistically significant smaller mandibular body length, ramus height, ramus width, chin size, and posterior dentoalveolar height were observed in the retrognathic mandibular subjects compared to the orthognathic mandible subjects. Condylar process height, condyle width, lower anterior dental height, gonial angle, upper gonial angle, and lower gonial angle did not show statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: The results showed that mandibular body length, ramus height, ramus width, chin size, and posterior dentoalveolar height were smaller in retrognathic mandibular subjects when compared to the orthognathic mandible subjects and were statistically significant. Clinical significance: Assessment of morphological characteristics of the mandible in different skeletal malocclusion will provide a better guide in clinical diagnosis and treatment planning and thus help to evaluate the prognosis of orthodontic treatment.