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VOLUME 14 , ISSUE 2 ( February, 2023 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Metformin Restores Regenerative Potential of Oral Stem Cells in Periodontitis

Hammam I Fageeh, Hammam Ibrahim Fageeh, Ahmed Alamoudi, Hammam A Bahammam, Sarah A Bahammam, Maha A Bahammam, Bassam Zidane, Hussam Alhejaili, Hytham N Fageeh

Keywords : Dental pulp stem cell, Gingival crevicular fluid, Metformin, Mesenchymal stem cell, Odontogenic, Periodontitis

Citation Information : Fageeh HI, Fageeh H I, Alamoudi A, Bahammam HA, Bahammam SA, Bahammam MA, Zidane B, Alhejaili H, Fageeh HN. Metformin Restores Regenerative Potential of Oral Stem Cells in Periodontitis. World J Dent 2023; 14 (2):103-112.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2188

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 17-04-2023

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2023; The Author(s).


Abstract

Background: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) represent a unique population of multipotent stem cells derived from diverse parts of a tooth. Objective: This study examined the effects of metformin (Met) on restoring the regenerative potential of stem cells treated with gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from periodontitis patients. Materials and methods: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) were isolated from healthy human teeth. GCF was collected from patients with periodontitis, and cytokine levels were assessed. A cytotoxicity assay was done to examine the impact of Met on DPSCs with and without osteogenic induction. Mesenchymal stem cell surface markers and differentiation assays were performed. Results: The stem cells showed typical mesenchymal stem cell-like morphology and were 85% positive for CD105, CD90, and CD73 and negative for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen (Ag) human leukocyte Ag-DR isotype. They could be differentiated into osteoinductive, chondroinductive, and adipocyte-inducing cell types. The cytotoxicity assay showed Met tolerance for up to 7 days. The GCF contained significant levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Its effect on stem cells caused a reduction in the expression of osteogenic/odontogenic genes, namely RUNX2, ALP, OCN, DSPP, and DMP1. Conclusion: Treatment with Met reversed this effect and resulted in higher expression of most of the downregulated genes and an increase in the formation of mineralized nodules by the treated cells. Met may serve as a stem cell modulator in tissue-engineering cases. Clinical significance: Metformin (Met) combined with DPSC could have potential applications in therapeutic, regenerative medicine due to its positive effects on stem cells.

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