Comparative Evaluation of Degradation Properties of Leukocyte-platelet Rich Fibrin and Advanced Platelet Rich Fibrin+: A Microbiological In Vitro Study
Citation Information :
Rengasami BV, Sudhakar U, Ganeshkumar A, Gopalapuram HA, Dhanasekaran M. Comparative Evaluation of Degradation Properties of Leukocyte-platelet Rich Fibrin and Advanced Platelet Rich Fibrin+: A Microbiological In Vitro Study. World J Dent 2023; 14 (12):1098-1102.
Aim: To evaluate and compare the degradation time of leukocyte-platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF) and advanced platelet rich fibrin+ (A-PRF+) alone and with incorporation of antibiotics (amoxicillin, ofloxacin, and gentamycin).
Materials and methods: Blood samples were collected from three volunteers in glass test tubes without anticoagulants. The tubes were immediately centrifuged for preparation of L-PRF and A-PRF+ using respective protocols. The antibiotics added to blood samples were 0.5 mL of amoxicillin, ofloxacin, and gentamycin prior to centrifugation. PRF were made into membranes and in vitro degradation test of the prepared PRF membranes was conducted by placing the PRF membrane in 10 mL of pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on a Petri dish kept at 37°C. The values were interpreted in percentage and expressed as accumulated weight losses of the membrane. Statistical analysis used were one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent sample t-test.
Results: There is no significant difference in degradation percentage between L-PRF and A-PRF+ groups. A-PRF+ was found to have a slightly longer period of degradation than L-PRF. There is a significant difference in degree of percentage degradation between A-PRF+ and gentamycin vs all other groups, that is, with addition of gentamycin, A-PRF+ resisted degradation for a longer period of time than other antibiotics.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, A-PRF+ is found to degrade at a faster rate when compared to L-PRF. A-PRF+ incorporated with gentamycin resisted degradation for a longer time when compared to other antibiotics.
Clinical significance: The platelet concentrates had been pioneered to be used in regenerative medicine for a decade. It is known that platelet rich fibrin (PRF) undergoes degradation resulting in gradual release of growth factors. However, the degradation time of each type of PRF is not well documented to date. Depending on the differences in degradation time, different types of PRF can be used in diverse periodontal procedures.
Prakash S, Thakur A. Platelet concentrates: past, present and future. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2011;10(1):45–49. DOI: 10.1007/s12663-011-0182-4
Choukroun J, Diss A, Simonpieri A, et al. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part V: histologic evaluations of PRF effects on bone allograft maturation in sinus lift. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006;101(3):299–303. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.07.012
Ghanaati S, Booms P, Orlowska A, et al. Advanced platelet-rich fibrin: a new concept for cell-based tissue engineering by means of inflammatory cells. J Oral Implantol 2014;40(6):679–689. DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-14-00138
Dohan DM, Choukroun J, Diss A, et al. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part III: leucocyte activation: a new feature for platelet concentrates? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006;101(3):e51–e55. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.07.010
Dohan Ehrenfest DM, Del Corso M, Diss A, et al. Three-dimensional architecture and cell composition of a Choukroun's platelet-rich fibrin clot and membrane. J Periodontol 2010;81(4):546–555. DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090531
Kobayashi E, Fluckiger L, Fujioka-Kobayashi M, et al. Comparative release of growth factors from PRP, PRF, and advanced-PRF. Clin Oral Investig 2016;20(9):2353–2360. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1719-1
Passaretti F, Tia M, D'Esposito V, et al. Growth-promoting action and growth factor release by different platelet derivatives. Platelets 2014;25(4):252–256. DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2013.809060
Masuki H, Okudera T, Watanebe T, et al. Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cytokine contents in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), and concentrated growth factors (CGF). Int J Implant Dent 2016;2(1):19. DOI: 10.1186/s40729-016-0052-4
Fujioka-Kobayashi M, Miron RJ, Hernandez M, et al. Optimized platelet-rich fibrin with the low-speed concept: growth factor release, biocompatibility, and cellular response. J Periodontol 2017;88(1):112–121. DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160443
Schar MO, Diaz-Romero J, Kohl S, et al. Platelet-rich concentrates differentially release growth factors and induce cell migration in vitro. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2015;473(5):1635–1643. DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4192-2
Antoci V Jr, Adams CS, Hickok NJ, et al. Antibiotics for local delivery systems cause skeletal cell toxicity in vitro. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2007;462:200–206. DOI: 10.1097/BLO.0b013e31811ff866
Ravi S, Santhanakrishnan M. Mechanical, chemical, structural analysis and comparative release of PDGF-AA from L-PRF, A-PRF and T-PRF - an in vitro study. Biomater Res 2020;24:16. DOI: 10.1186/s40824-020-00193-4
Sam G, Vadakkekuttical RJ, Amol NV. In vitro evaluation of mechanical properties of platelet-rich fibrin membrane and scanning electron microscopic examination of its surface characteristics. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2015;19(1):32–26. DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.145821
Polak D, Clemer-Shamai N, Shapira L. Incorporating antibiotics into platelet-rich fibrin: a novel antibiotics slow-release biological device. J Clin Periodontol 2019;46(2):241–247. DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13063
