World Journal of Dentistry

Register      Login

VOLUME 14 , ISSUE 12 ( December, 2023 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Remineralizing Potential of Cheese and GC Tooth Mousse on Demineralized Human Enamel: An In Vitro Comparative Evaluation

Vabitha Shetty, Ishani Vakil

Keywords : Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, Cheese, Laboratory research, Remineralization, Surface microhardness

Citation Information : Shetty V, Vakil I. Remineralizing Potential of Cheese and GC Tooth Mousse on Demineralized Human Enamel: An In Vitro Comparative Evaluation. World J Dent 2023; 14 (12):1091-1097.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2342

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 31-01-2024

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2023; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim: This study aims to assess and compare the remineralization potential of cheese and GC tooth mousse on demineralized human enamel using Vickers microhardness testing. Materials and methods: Fifty enamel sections (4 × 4 × 1 mm) were prepared from the buccal surfaces of sound human premolars. The baseline surface microhardness was evaluated using Vickers indenter. Enamel specimens were randomly divided into three groups—group I (control group), group II (cheese), and group III (GC tooth mousse). Group I specimens were kept in artificial saliva whereas group II and III enamel specimens were treated with cheese and GC tooth mousse respectively for 5 minutes twice daily for 21 days. Posttreatment surface microhardness measurements of all specimens were revaluated on the 7th, 14th, and 21st day. Results: There were statistically significant increases in the posttreatment surface microhardness values in both group II [cheese—198.04 ± 10.3 Vickers hardness number (VHN)] and group III (GC tooth mousse—228.4 ± 12.9 VHN) at the end of 21st day of remineralization (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Surface microhardness values of demineralized human enamel exhibited significantly increased values after exposure to both cheese and GC tooth mousse. Hence, we can conclude that cheese and GC tooth mousse showed significant remineralization potential on demineralized human enamel. Clinical significance: Cheese is a better cost-effective alternative available to children and has beneficial effects on their general health and can also have a remineralization effect on their teeth.


HTML PDF Share
  1. Lorenzini EC, Lazzari B, Tartaglia GM, et al. Oral ecological environment modifications by hard-cheese: from pH to microbiome: a prospective cohort study based on 16S rRNA metabarcoding approach. J Transl Med 2022;20(1):312. DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03506-4
  2. Peres MA, Macpherson LMD, Weyant RJ, et al. Oral diseases: a global public health challenge. Lancet 2019;394(10194):249–260. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31146-8
  3. Featherstone JD. The science and practice of caries prevention. J Am Dent Assoc 2000;131(7):887–899. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2000.0307
  4. Featherstone JD. The continuum of dental caries-evidence for dynamic disease process. J Dent Res 2004;83:C39–C42. DOI: 10.1177/154405910408301s08
  5. Gandhy M, Damle SG. Relation of salivary inorganic phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase to the dental caries status in children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2003;21(4):135–138.
  6. Roberts AJ. Role of models in assessing new agents for caries prevention—non fluoride systems. Adv Dent Res 1995;9(3):304–311. DOI: 10.1177/08959374950090031601
  7. Mukherjee I, Singh UK. Groundwater fluoride contamination, probable release, and containment mechanisms: a review on Indian context. Environ Geochem Health 2018;40(6):2259–2301. DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0096-x
  8. Bryans J. Dairy products and Dental Health. Dental digest 2006;7:2.
  9. Bowen WH, Pearson SK. Effect of milk on cariogenesis. Caries Res 1993;27(6):461–466. DOI: 10.1159/000261581
  10. Oshiro M, Yamaguchi K, Takamizaw T, et al. Effect of CPP-ACP paste on tooth mineralization - an FE-SEM study. J Oral Sci 2007;49(2):115–120. DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.49.115
  11. Harper DS, Osborn JC, Hefferren JJ, et al. Cariostatic evaluation of cheeses with diverse physical and compositional characteristics. Caries Res 1986;20(2):123–130. DOI: 10.1159/000260931
  12. Reynolds EC. Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by casein phosphopeptide-stabilized calcium phosphate. J Dent Res 1997;76(9):1587–1595. DOI: 10.1177/00220345970760091101
  13. Moynihan P. Foods and dietary factors that prevent dental caries. Quintessence Int 2007;38(4):320–324. PMID: 17432788.
  14. Veeresha KL, Gupta P, Sohi RK, et al. Cheese coffee and caries. J Orofac Sci 2012;3(1):14–18.
  15. Hegde AM, Naik N, Kumari S. Comparison of salivary calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase levels in children with early childhood caries after administration of milk, cheese and GC tooth mousse: an in vivo study. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;38(4):318–325. DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.38.4.l172u301208153v2
  16. Koç N, Çin Aslan N, Yardımcı HÜ, et al. Role of foods in caries among preschool-children: a cross-sectional study. Prog Nutr 2022;24(2). DOI: 10.23751/pn.v24i2.11181
  17. Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings, 2003. MMWR, December 19, 2003:52(RR-17);1–61
  18. Yamaguchi K, Miyazaki M, Takamizawa T, et al. Effect of CPP-ACP paste on mechanical properties of bovine enamel as determined by an ultrasonic device. J Dent 2006;34(3):230–236. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2005.06.005
  19. Chuenarrom C, Benjakul P, Daosodsai P. Microhardness tests for enamel and dentine. Mater Res 2009;12:473–476. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-14392009000400016
  20. Larsen MJ. Dissolution of enamel. Scand J Dent Res 1973;81(7):518–522. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1973.tb00358.x
  21. Devlin H, Bassiouny MA, Boston D. Hardness of enamel exposed to Coca-Cola and artificial saliva. J Oral Rehabil 2006;33(1):26–30. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2006.01533.x
  22. Aimutis WR. Bioactive properties of milk proteins with particular focus on anticariogenesis. J Nutr 2004;134(4):989S–995S. DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.4.989S
  23. Petridou E, Athanassouli T, Panagopoulos H, et al. Sociodemographic and dietary factors in relation to dental health among Greek adolescents. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol 1996;24(5):307–311. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00867.x
  24. Papas AS, Joshi A, Belanger AJ, et al. Dietary models for root caries. Am J Clin Nutr 1995:61(2):417S–422S. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/61.2.417S
  25. Shetty V, Bhandary S, Vakil I. Remineralizing potential of milk and gc tooth mousse on demineralized human enamel: an in vitro comparative evaluation. J health Allied Sci NU 2022;13(7):107–113. DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744441
  26. Anshul, Jha KK. remineralization potential of gc tooth mousse and gc tooth mousse plus on initial caries like lesion of primary teeth–an in-vitro comparative evaluation. Univ J Dent Sci 2020;6(2):3–10. DOI: 10.21276/ujds.2020.6.2.3
  27. Grewal N, Gumber S, Kaur N. Comparative evaluation of enamel remineralization potential of processed cheese, calcium phosphate-based synthetic agent, and a fluoride-containing toothpaste: an in-situ study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2017;35(1):19–27. DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.199222
  28. Ryge G, Foley DE, Faohurst CW. Micro-indentation hardness. J Dental Research 1961;40:1116–1126. DOI: 10.1177/00220345610400060401
  29. Maupome G, Aguilar-Avila M, Medrano-Ugalde H, et al. In vitro quantitative micro hardness assessment of enamel with early salivary pellicles after exposure to an eroding cold drink. Caries Res 1999;33(2):140–147. DOI: 10.1159/000016508
  30. Silva MF, Burgess RC, Sandham HJ. Effects of cheese extract and its fractions on enamel demineralisation in vitro and in vivo in humans. J Dent Res 1987;66(10):1527–1532. DOI: 10.1177/00220345870660100301
  31. Moynihan PJ, Ferrier S, Jenkins GN. The cariostatic potential of cheese: cooked cheese- containing meals increase plaque calcium concentration. Br Dent J 1999;187(12):664–667. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4800362
  32. Jensen ME, Wefel JS. Effect of processed cheese on human plaque pH and demineralization and remineralization. Am J Dent 1990;3(5):217–223.
  33. Jensen ME. Diet and dental caries. Dent Clin N Am 1999;43(4):615–633. DOI: 10.1016/S0011-8532(22)00817-5
  34. Rugg-Gunn AJ. Nutrition and Dental Health. Oxford Medical Publication; 1993. pp. 293–259.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.