Aim: To evaluate and compare various patterns of arch forms between Odia and Bengali ethnic populations. Materials and methods: A total of 100 Odia and 100 Bengali students between the ages of 18 and 24 years were selected for this study. Both groups comprised of 50 males and 50 females each. The transverse and sagittal measurements of the dental arches were determined on maxillary and mandibular casts. The reference points were determined as a mid-incisal edge on the labial side, canine cusp tips, mesiobuccal cusps of the first molars, and distobuccal cusp tips of the second molars. Data was recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: The males in both groups showed wider arch forms compared to the females. The transverse measurements (L66, L77) and anteroposterior measurements (L61, L71) were statistically nonsignificant. The Odia subjects reported wider arch form compared to the Bengalis. Conclusion: In conclusion, the arch forms of the Bengalis are narrower than those of Odia. The Odia subjects reported wider arch form compared to the Bengalis. Clinical significance: To achieve a stable, functional, and esthetically pleasing occlusion, it is essential to choose an appropriate arch form for treating malocclusion. Clinically, after determining the patient's pretreatment arch form, wider archwires should be chosen from the available variations for Bengali patients.