Citation Information :
Gandhi M, Lakade L, Shah R, Dole S. Evaluation of the Effect of Pretreatment with Ozone and Sodium Hypochlorite on Pit and Fissure Sealant in Primary Molars. World J Dent 2023; 14 (10):907-912.
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pretreatment with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ozone gas from microleakage on pit and fissure sealants in primary molars.
Materials and methods: A total of 36 noncarious primary molars were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction. These crowns were divided into three groups—NaOCl (n = 12), ozone (n = 12), and control (n = 12). Pretreatment of pits and fissures was done with 5.25% NaOCl for 60 seconds, ozone gas at 100 ppm for 30 seconds, and no pretreatment in the control group. Then, etching, bonding, and sealant application were done. Later, these crowns were subjected to thermocycling. A dye penetration test was done to assess the extent of microleakage using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was done using the Kruskal–Wallis test in G*Power software.
Results: The mean microleakage score in the NaOCl group was 2.58, ozone 2.67, and control was 2.75. Comparison between groups showed no significant difference (p = 0888).
Conclusion: Pretreatment with ozone gas at 100 ppm and 5.25% sodium showed no statistically significant reduction in microleakage compared to the control group.
Clinical significance: Pretreatment of enamel or dentine before sealant placement is hypothesized to remove the hybrid layer, which decreases microleakage and improves the intraoral longevity of sealants. Various mechanical and chemical methods have been used and showed certain promising outcomes. However, in the present study, a comparison of newer material ozone gas against conventional material NaOCl showed no demonstratable reduction in microleakage in primary molars.
Kazeminia M, Abdi A, Shohaimi S, et al. Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children's worldwide, 1995 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Head Face Med 2020;16(1):22. DOI: 10.1186/s13005-020-00237-z
Pandey P, Nandkeoliar T, Tikku AP, et al. Prevalence of dental caries in the Indian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021;11(3):256–265. DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_42_21
Uribe SE, Innes N, Maldupa I. The global prevalence of early childhood caries: a systematic review with meta-analysis using the WHO diagnostic criteria. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021;31(6):817–830. DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12783
Devan I, Ramanarayanan V, Janakiram C. Prevalence of early childhood caries in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Public Health 2022;66(Supplement):S3–S11. DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1078_22.
Carlos JP, Gittelsohn AM. Longitudinal studies of the natural history of caries. II. A life-table study of caries incidence in the permanent teeth. Arch Oral Biol 1965;10(5):739–751. DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(65)90127-5
Ahovuo-Saloranta A, Hiiri A, Nordblad A, et al. Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth of children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(4):CD001830. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001830.pub2
Hicks MJ, Flaitz CM. Epidemiology of dental caries in the pediatric and adolescent population: a review of past and current trends. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1993 Fall;18(1):43–49.
Ahovuo-Saloranta A, Forss H, Walsh T, et al. Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in permanent teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;7(7):CD001830. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001830.pub5
Wright JT, Tampi MP, Graham L, et al. Sealants for preventing and arresting pit-and-fissure occlusal caries in primary and permanent molars: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials-a report of the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc 2016;147(8):631–645.e18. DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.06.003
Simonsen RJ. Retention and effectiveness of a single application of white sealant after 10 years. J Am Dent Assoc 1987;115(1):31–36. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1987.0199
Ciucchi P, Neuhaus KW, Emerich M, et al. Evaluation of different types of enamel conditioning before application of a fissure sealant. Lasers Med Sci 2013;30(1):1–9. DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1333-2
Naik SV, K R, Kohli S, et al. Ozone- a biological therapy in dentistry- reality or myth? Open Dent J 2016;10:196–206. DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010196
Demirci M, Tuncer S, Tekçe N, et al. Influence of adhesive application methods and rebonding agent application on sealing effectiveness of all-in-one self-etching adhesives. J Esthet Restor Dent 2013;25(5): 326–343. DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12034
Buonocore MG. A simple method of increasing the adhesion of acrylic filling materials to enamel surfaces. J Dent Res 1955;34(6):849–853. DOI: 10.1177/00220345550340060801
Pecora JD, Sousa-Neto MD, Estrela C. Soluções irrigadoras auxiliares do preparo do canal radicular. In: Estrela C, Figueiredo JAP (Eds). Endodontia - Princípios Biológicos e Mecânicos. São Paulo: Artes Médicas; 1999. pp. 552–569.
Espinosa R, Valencia R, Uribe M, et al. Resin replica in enamel deproteinization and its effect on acid etching. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2010;35(1):47–51. DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.35.1.u425308167271132
Suh Y, Patel S, Kaitlyn R, et al. Clinical utility of ozone therapy in dental and oral medicine. Med Gas Res 2019;9(3):163–167. DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.266997
Pattanaik B, Pattanaik S, Naitam D, et al. Ozone therapy in dentistry: a literature review. J Interdiscip Dent 2011;1(2):87–92. DOI: 10.4103/2229-5194.85024
Bayrak GD, Gurdogan-Guler EB, Yildirim Y, et al. Assessment of shear bond strength and microleakage of fissure sealant following enamel deproteinization: an in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent 2020:e220–e226. DOI: 10.4317/jced.56281
Roopa KB, Abraham AB, Poornima P, et al. Evaluation of deproteinization on clinical success and longevity of pit and fissure sealants on erupting permanent first molars – an in vivo study. Int J Community Dent 2019;7(2):42–48. DOI: 10.4103/ijcd.ijcd_1_20
Yamada Y, Hossain M, Kimura Y, et al. Removal of organic debris from occlusal fissures: advantage of Carisolv system over sodium hypochlorite. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2010;35(1):75–79. DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.35.1.84368262v2j4vu96
Garrocho-Rangel A, Lozano-Vázquez C, Butrón-Tellez-Girón C, et al. In vitro assessment of retention and microleakage in pit and fissure sealants following enamel pre-etching with sodium hypochlorite deproteinisation. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2015;16(3):212–216.
Mubeena V, Emmatty TB, Kavita K, et al. Effect of enamel pre-etching with sodium hypochlorite deproteinisation and bonding agent on retention and microleakage of pit and fissure sealants: an in-vitro study. J Clin Diagn Res 2021;15(4):ZC01–ZC05. DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2021/46976.14667
Ahmed AM, Nagy D, Elkateb MA. Etching patterns of sodium hypochlorite pretreated hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta primary molars: SEM study. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;43:257–262. DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-43.4.6
Ahuja B, Yeluri R, Baliga S, et al. Enamel deproteinization before acid etching–a scanning electron microscopic observation. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2010;35(2):169–172. DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.35.2.9gw7147381836380
Arslan C, Üstün N, Cesur E. Effects of surface preparation with sodium hypochlorite on shear bond strength and residual adhesive of orthodontic brackets on primary and permanent teeth Eur Ann Den. Sci 2022;49(2):87–91. DOI: 10.52037/eads.2022.0032
Adalja C, Deshpande N, Dave D. Ozone: a future in periodontal therapy! Indian J Appl Res 2011;3(3):295–297. DOI: 10.15373/2249555x/mar2013/98
Dukić W, Dukić OL, Milardović S. The influence of Healozone on microleakage and fissure penetration of different sealing materials. Coll Antropol 2009;33(1):157–162.
Castillo A, Galindo-Moreno P, Avila G, et al. In vitro reduction of mutans streptococci by means of ozone gas application. Quintessence International 2008;39(10).
Unal M, Oztas N. Remineralization capacity of three fissure sealants with and without gaseous ozone on non-cavitated incipient pit and fissure caries. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;39(4):364–370. DOI: 10.17796/1053-4628-39.4.364
Rickard GD, Richardson R, Johnson T, et al. Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(3):CD004153. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004153.pub2
Huth KC, Jakob FM, Saugel B, et al. Effect of ozone on oral cells compared with established antimicrobials. Eur J Oral Sci 2006;114:435–440. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2006.00390.x
Güneş Ş, Bahsi E, İnce B, et al. Comparative evaluation of the effects of ozone, diode laser, and traditional cavity disinfectants on microleakage. J Int Ozone Assoc 2014;36(2):206–211. DOI: 10.1080/01919512.2013.842888
Cehreli SB, Yalcinkaya Z, Guven-Polat G, Çehreli ZC. Effect of ozone pretreatment on the microleakage of pit and fissure sealants. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2010;35(2):187–190. DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.35.2.v2gn643k3774j014
Çelik N, Yapar MI, Karalar B, et al. Influence of laser and ozone pretreatment on the shear bond strength of fissure sealants: an in vitro comparative study. J Adv Oral Res 2020;11(2):189–195. DOI: 10.1177/2320206820944285
Bezgin T, Oz FT, Ozalp N. Efficacy of ozone pretreatment on fissure sealant adaptation and retention. J Int Ozone Assoc 2021;44(3): 317–323. DOI: 10.1080/01919512.2021.1919054
Jumanca D, Anamaria M, Atena G, et al. Comparative study of acid etching on dental enamel. Revista de Chimie 2018;69(10):2913–2915. DOI: 10.37358/rc.18.10.6652
Nagayoshi M, Kitamura C, Fukuizumi T, et al. Antimicrobial effect of ozonated water on bacteria invading dentinal tubules. J Endod 2004;30(11):778–781. DOI: 10.1097/00004770-200411000-00007
Bhushan U, Goswami M. Evaluation of retention of pit and fissure sealants placed with and without air abrasion pretreatment in 6-8 year old children - an in vivo study. J Clin Exp Dent 2017:9(11): e211–e217. DOI: 10.4317/jced.53259
Schwimmer Y, Beyth N, Ram D, et al. Laser tooth preparation for pit and fissure sealing. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(21):7813. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217813.